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Effects of carrier agents on powder properties, stability of carotenoids, and encapsulation efficiency of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) powder produced by co-current spray drying.

ABSTRACT: Maltodextrin, modified starch, inulin, alginate, gum arabic, and combinations thereof were used as carrier agents for spray drying of carotenoid-rich goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) juice and compared to cellobiose as an alternative carrier. Powders were analyzed with respect to particle size and morphology, yield, moisture content, cold water solubility, suspension stability, hygroscopicity, carotenoid encapsulation efficiency, and carotenoid retention during storage. A high initial carotenoid concentration after spray drying, a high encapsulation efficiency of 77.2%, and a slow carotenoid degradation kinetics favored the high carotenoid content of the cellobiose powder at the end of the storage. Cellobiose might protect the carotenoids from degradation processes by light exposure, high temperature, and oxygen due to a tighter particle crust and larger particle sizes. Therefore, cellobiose may be considered a potential carrier agent for the encapsulation of carotenoid-rich fruit juices.

SUBMITTER: Etzbach L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7473355 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of carrier agents on powder properties, stability of carotenoids, and encapsulation efficiency of goldenberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) powder produced by co-current spray drying.

Etzbach Lara L Meinert Messina M Faber Thilo T Klein Carolin C Schieber Andreas A Weber Fabian F

Current research in food science 20200316

Maltodextrin, modified starch, inulin, alginate, gum arabic, and combinations thereof were used as carrier agents for spray drying of carotenoid-rich goldenberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) juice and compared to cellobiose as an alternative carrier. Powders were analyzed with respect to particle size and morphology, yield, moisture content, cold water solubility, suspension stability, hygroscopicity, carotenoid encapsulation efficiency, and carotenoid retention during storage. A high initial ...[more]

PMID: 32914123

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Project description:SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, predominantly affects the respiratory tract. As a consequence, it seems intuitive to develop antiviral agents capable of targeting the virus right on its main anatomical site of replication. Ivermectin, a U.S. FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, was originally shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, albeit at relatively high concentrations, which is difficult to achieve in the lung. In this study, we tested the spray-drying conditions to develop an inhalable dry powder formulation that could ensure sufficient antiviral drug concentrations, which are difficult to achieve in the lungs based on the oral dosage used in clinical trials. Here, by using ivermectin as a proof-of-concept, we evaluated spray-drying conditions that could lead to the development of antivirals in an inhalable dry powder formulation, which could then be used to ensure sufficient drug concentrations in the lung. Thus, we used ivermectin in proof-of-principle experiments to evaluate our system, including physical characterization and in vitro aerosolization of prepared dry powder. The ivermectin dry powder was prepared with a mini spray-dryer (Buchi B-290), using a 23 factorial design and manipulating spray-drying conditions such as feed concentration (0.2% w/v and 0.8% w/v), inlet temperature (80 °C and 100 °C) and presence/absence of L-leucine (0% and 10%). The prepared dry powder was in the size range of 1-5 μm and amorphous in nature with wrinkle morphology. We observed a higher fine particle fraction (82.5 ± 1.4%) in high feed concentration (0.8% w/v), high inlet temperature (100 °C) and the presence of L-leucine (10% w/w). The stability study conducted for 28 days confirmed that the spray-dried powder was stable at 25 ± 2 °C/<15% RH and 25 ± 2 °C/ 53% RH. Interestingly, the ivermectin dry powder formulation inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro with a potency similar to ivermectin solution (EC50 values of 15.8 µM and 14.1 µM, respectively), with a comparable cell toxicity profile in Calu-3 cells. In summary, we were able to manipulate the spray-drying conditions to develop an effective ivermectin inhalable dry powder. Ongoing studies based on this system will allow the development of novel formulations based on single or combinations of drugs that could be used to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in the respiratory tract.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Physalis peruviana commonly known as Cape gooseberry is a member of the Solanaceae family that has an increasing popularity due to its nutritional and medicinal values. A broad range of genomic tools is available for other Solanaceae, including tomato and potato. However, limited genomic resources are currently available for Cape gooseberry. RESULTS:We report the generation of a total of 652,614 P. peruviana Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), using 454 GS FLX Titanium technology. ESTs, with an average length of 371?bp, were obtained from a normalized leaf cDNA library prepared using a Colombian commercial variety. De novo assembling was performed to generate a collection of 24,014 isotigs and 110,921 singletons, with an average length of 1,638?bp and 354?bp, respectively. Functional annotation was performed using NCBI's BLAST tools and Blast2GO, which identified putative functions for 21,191 assembled sequences, including gene families involved in all the major biological processes and molecular functions as well as defense response and amino acid metabolism pathways. Gene model predictions in P. peruviana were obtained by using the genomes of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum tuberosum (potato). We predict 9,436 P. peruviana sequences with multiple-exon models and conserved intron positions with respect to the potato and tomato genomes. Additionally, to study species diversity we developed 5,971 SSR markers from assembled ESTs. CONCLUSIONS:We present the first comprehensive analysis of the Physalis peruviana leaf transcriptome, which will provide valuable resources for development of genetic tools in the species. Assembled transcripts with gene models could serve as potential candidates for marker discovery with a variety of applications including: functional diversity, conservation and improvement to increase productivity and fruit quality. P. peruviana was estimated to be phylogenetically branched out before the divergence of five other Solanaceae family members, S. lycopersicum, S. tuberosum, Capsicum spp, S. melongena and Petunia spp.

Dataset Information

Effects of carrier agents on powder properties, stability of carotenoids, and encapsulation efficiency of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) powder produced by co-current spray drying.

Publications

Effects of carrier agents on powder properties, stability of carotenoids, and encapsulation efficiency of goldenberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) powder produced by co-current spray drying.

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