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Virulence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Molecular and Epidemiological Characteristics of a New Serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus From Diarrhea Patients.

ABSTRACT: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main pathogen of food-borne diarrheal in coastal areas. Through the study of pathogen characteristics of 1870 V. parahaemolyticus, the isolation rate of O4:KUT had increased significantly since 2013. In this study, we analyzed virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility, molecular, and epidemiological characteristics of a new serotype named O4:KUT2. O4:KUT2 strains had tlh + tdh + trh - toxRS/new- characteristics and were prevalent during 2013-2015. The 91.5% O4:KUT2 serotype strains were resistant to ampicillin. The growth curves of O4:KUT2 strains were different with O4:K9, O4:K8, and O3:K6 serotype strains. O4:KUT2 strains belonged to ST332 where four strains had a large fragment inserted at recA. Compared the whole genomes of O4:KUT2 strains with O4:K9 strain which also belonged to ST322 isolated from acute diarrhea patients in Zhejiang province in 2012, no different alleles at 2249 loci was found. This finding implied that O4:KUT2 strains might be derived from O4:K9 strains. Clinical presentation of patients positive for V. parahaemolyticus O4:KUT2 were no significant difference with patients positive for O3:K6, although their genetic characteristics were different. The appearance and the increase of proportion of the new serotype O4:KUT2 strains was aware that we should not relax the monitoring of the pathogen spectrum of acute diarrheal patients.

SUBMITTER: Zhu Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7475705 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Virulence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Molecular and Epidemiological Characteristics of a New Serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus From Diarrhea Patients.

Zhu Qiaoyun Q Chen Xiao X Liu Yanchao Y Wang Ruonan R Chen Jiayao J Chen Yu Y

Frontiers in microbiology 20200821

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main pathogen of food-borne diarrheal in coastal areas. Through the study of pathogen characteristics of 1870 V. parahaemolyticus, the isolation rate of O4:KUT had increased significantly since 2013. In this study, we analyzed virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility, molecular, and epidemiological characteristics of a new serotype named O4:KUT2. O4:KUT2 strains had tlh + tdh + trh - toxRS/ne ...[more]

PMID: 32983027

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Project description:BackgroundVibrio parahaemolyticus is a common cause of foodborne disease. Beginning in 1996, a more virulent strain having serotype O3:K6 caused major outbreaks in India and other parts of the world, resulting in the emergence of a pandemic. Other serovariants of this strain emerged during its dissemination and together with the original O3:K6 were termed strains of the pandemic clone. Two genomes, one of this virulent strain and one pre-pandemic strain have been sequenced. We sequenced four additional genomes of V. parahaemolyticus in this study that were isolated from different geographical regions and time points. Comparative genomic analyses of six strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from Asia and Peru were performed in order to advance knowledge concerning the evolution of V. parahaemolyticus; specifically, the genetic changes contributing to serotype conversion and virulence. Two pre-pandemic strains and three pandemic strains, isolated from different geographical regions, were serotype O3:K6 and either toxin profiles (tdh+, trh-) or (tdh-, trh+). The sixth pandemic strain sequenced in this study was serotype O4:K68.ResultsGenomic analyses revealed that the trh+ and tdh+ strains had different types of pathogenicity islands and mobile elements as well as major structural differences between the tdh pathogenicity islands of the pre-pandemic and pandemic strains. In addition, the results of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis showed that 94% of the SNPs between O3:K6 and O4:K68 pandemic isolates were within a 141 kb region surrounding the O- and K-antigen-encoding gene clusters. The "core" genes of V. parahaemolyticus were also compared to those of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus, in order to delineate differences between these three pathogenic species. Approximately one-half (49-59%) of each species' core genes were conserved in all three species, and 14-24% of the core genes were species-specific and in different functional categories.ConclusionsOur data support the idea that the pandemic strains are closely related and that recent South American outbreaks of foodborne disease caused by V. parahaemolyticus are closely linked to outbreaks in India. Serotype conversion from O3:K6 to O4:K68 was likely due to a recombination event involving a region much larger than the O-antigen- and K-antigen-encoding gene clusters. Major differences between pathogenicity islands and mobile elements are also likely driving the evolution of V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, our analyses categorized genes that may be useful in differentiating pathogenic Vibrios at the species level.

Project description:Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a threat to human health and one of the leading bacterial causes of seafood-borne infection worldwide. This pathogen is autochtonous in the marine environment and is able to acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, which is a global concern. However, the emergence of AMR V. parahaemolyticus strains in seafood is still understudied, as interpretation criteria for this species for antimicrobial susceptibility tests are limited in the literature. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility profiles to clinically important antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants of V. parahaemolyticus isolates cultured from imported shrimps. Based on the analysis of the resistance phenotypes of 304 V. parahaemolyticus isolates, we have defined experimental epidemiological cutoff values (COWT) for 14/15 antibiotics tested. We observed that 19.1% of the bacterial isolates had acquired resistance to at least one antibiotic class. The highest number of resistance was associated with tetracycline (14.5% of the strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3.6%). Moreover, seven strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistant to at least three antibiotic classes). The most frequently identified genes in these strains were aph(3″)-Ib/aph(6)-Id (aminoglycoside resistance), sul2 (sulfonamide), tet(59) (tetracycline), and floR (chloramphenicol). The SXT/R391 family ICE and class 1 integron-integrase genes were detected by PCR in three and one MDR V. parahaemolyticus strains, respectively. Consequently, V. parahaemolyticus in seafood can act as a reservoir of AMR, constituting a health risk for the consumer.IMPORTANCEOur study on "Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genetic Determinants of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Imported Shrimps" addresses a critical gap in understanding the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in this seafood-associated pathogen. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of global seafood-borne infections, and our research reveals that 19.1% of isolates from imported shrimps display resistance to at least one antibiotic class, with multidrug resistance observed in seven strains. Importantly, we establish experimental epidemiological cutoff values for antibiotic susceptibility, providing valuable criteria specific to V. parahaemolyticus. Our findings underscore the potential risk to consumers, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and intervention strategies. This study significantly contributes to the comprehension of AMR dynamics in V. parahaemolyticus, offering crucial insights for global public health. The dissemination of our research through Microbiology Spectrum ensures broad accessibility and impact within the scientific community and beyond.

Project description:Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in the estuarine-marine environment are of human health significance and may be increasing in pathogenicity and abundance. Vibrio illness originating from dermal contact with Vibrio laden waters or through ingestion of seafood originating from such waters can cause deleterious health effects, particularly if the strains involved are resistant to clinically important antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility among these pathogens. Surface-water samples were collected from three sites of recreational and commercial importance from July to September 2009. Samples were plated onto species-specific media and resulting V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction assays and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Sensititre® microbroth dilution system. Descriptive statistics, Friedman two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Vibrio vulnificus (n = 120) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 77) were isolated from all sampling sites. Most isolates were susceptible to antibiotics recommended for treating Vibrio infections, although the majority of isolates expressed intermediate resistance to chloramphenicol (78% of V. vulnificus, 96% of V. parahaemolyticus). Vibrio parahaemolyticus also demonstrated resistance to penicillin (68%). Sampling location or month did not significantly impact V. parahaemolyticus resistance patterns, but V. vulnificus isolates from St. Martin's River had lower overall intermediate resistance than that of the other two sampling sites during the month of July (p = 0.0166). Antibiotics recommended to treat adult Vibrio infections were effective in suppressing bacterial growth, while some antibiotics recommended for pediatric treatment were not effective against some of the recovered isolates. To our knowledge, these are the first antimicrobial susceptibility data of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus recovered from the Chesapeake Bay. These data can serve as a baseline against which future studies can be compared to evaluate whether susceptibilities change over time.

Dataset Information

Virulence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Molecular and Epidemiological Characteristics of a New Serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus From Diarrhea Patients.

Publications

Virulence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Molecular and Epidemiological Characteristics of a New Serotype of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> From Diarrhea Patients.

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