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Mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in common carp in Iraq.

ABSTRACT: Koi herpesvirus disease is a serious disease affecting both wild and common carp species in different continents throughout the world. Based on pathological and molecular findings, we document the presence of koi herpesvirus disease in Iraq as a cause of mass mortality among the common carp of the Tigris river. On a macroscopic level, the fish exhibited variably sized skin ulcerations throughout the entire trunk. The gills showed variable degrees of discoloration with an increased amount of slimy mucus. Microscopically, degeneration and necrosis with infiltration of a heterogenous population of inflammatory cells characterized different organs, primarily the skin and gills, with occasional intranuclear inclusion bodies that are consistent with koi herpesvirus disease. A semi-nested PCR assay coupled with sequencing confirmed the pathological diagnosis. Genotyping and sequence analysis of the TK gene, ORF 136 and markers I and II identified the isolated CyHV-3 as variant A1 of the Asian genotype TUSMT1 (J strain) displaying the I++II+ allele.

SUBMITTER: Ababneh M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7476233 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in common carp in Iraq.

Ababneh Mustafa M Hananeh Wael W Alzghoul Mohammad M

Heliyon 20200831 8

Koi herpesvirus disease is a serious disease affecting both wild and common carp species in different continents throughout the world. Based on pathological and molecular findings, we document the presence of koi herpesvirus disease in Iraq as a cause of mass mortality among the common carp of the Tigris river. On a macroscopic level, the fish exhibited variably sized skin ulcerations throughout the entire trunk. The gills showed variable degrees of discoloration with an increased amount of slim ...[more]

PMID: 32923729

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Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute an emerging group of ncRNAs that modulate gene expression at the transcriptional or translational level. Koi herpesvirus (KHV), also known as Cyprinus herpesvirus type 3 (CyHV-3) and characterized by high pathogenicity and high mortality, has caused substantial economic losses in the common carp and koi carp fisheries industry. In this work, we sequenced the lncRNA and mRNA of host koi carp infected with KHV. A total of 20,178 DEmRNAs were obtained, of which 5021 mRNAs were upregulated and 15,157 mRNAs were downregulated. Both KEGG pathways and GO terms were enriched in many important immune pathways. The KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in many important immune pathways, such as apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and so on. Furthermore, a total of 32,697 novel lncRNA transcripts were obtained from koi carp immune tissues; 9459 of these genes were differentially expressed. Through antisense, cis-acting, and trans-acting analyses, the target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were predicted. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the DElncRNA expression pattern was consistent with the differential mRNA expression pattern. The lncRNA-mRNA network analysis, which included many immune pathways, showed that after KHV infection, the expression of most lncRNAs and their target mRNAs were downregulated, suggesting that these lncRNAs engage in a positive regulatory relationship with their target mRNAs. Considering that many studies have shown that herpesviruses can escape the immune system by negatively regulating these immune pathways, we speculated that these lncRNAs play a significant role in KHV's escape from host immunity. Furthermore, 10 immune-related genes and 20 lncRNAs were subsequently verified through RT-qPCR, to confirm the accuracy of the high-throughput sequencing results. In this study, we aimed to explore lncRNA functions in the immune response of lower vertebrates and provide a theoretical basis for the study of noncoding RNAs in teleosts. Therefore, exploring lncRNA expression in KHV-infected koi carp helped us better understand the biological role played by lncRNA-dependent pathways in aquaculture animal viral infection.

Dataset Information

Mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in common carp in Iraq.

Publications

Mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in common carp in Iraq.

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