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Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions.

ABSTRACT: The aim of our study was to compare soft tissue measurements with 3D imaging methods in individuals with untreated skeletal and pseudo-Class III malocclusions. The study sample consisted of 75 patients (38 males, 37 females, mean age 12.41?±?2.35 years) with pseudo- and true skeletal Class III malocclusions and skeletal Class I malocclusions. Soft tissue evaluations of all patients were performed using 3D stereophotogrammetric facial images. In our study, 26 landmarks, 17 linear measurements, 13 angular measurements, and 5 volume measurements were made using the 3dMD Vultus software. The significance was determined to be p??0.05). The skeletal Class I control group had a significantly more extended upper lip and vermillion length as compared to the Class III groups. The soft tissue convexity angle and upper nasal angle were found to be wider in the Class III malocclusion group compared to those in the Class I control group. While the pseudo-Class III group had a significantly lower midface volume, chin volume was significantly higher in the skeletal class group. Upper lip volume was significantly higher in the Class I group. Using 3dMD for guiding clinicians in the differential soft and hard tissue diagnosis of pseudo-Class III malocclusions, differences were revealed in Class I patients in the middle part of the face. In the differential diagnosis of true Class III malocclusions, chin volume was found to be different from that of Class I patients.

SUBMITTER: Kale B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7477542 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions.

Kale Burak B Buyukcavus Muhammed Hilmi MH

Scientific reports 20200907 1

The aim of our study was to compare soft tissue measurements with 3D imaging methods in individuals with untreated skeletal and pseudo-Class III malocclusions. The study sample consisted of 75 patients (38 males, 37 females, mean age 12.41 ± 2.35 years) with pseudo- and true skeletal Class III malocclusions and skeletal Class I malocclusions. Soft tissue evaluations of all patients were performed using 3D stereophotogrammetric facial images. In our study, 26 landmarks, 17 linear measurements, 13 ...[more]

PMID: 32895440

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Project description:BackgroundOrthognathic surgery can be carried out using isolated mandibular or maxillary movement and bimaxillary procedures. In cases of moderate skeletal malocclusion, camouflage treatment by premolar extraction is another treatment option. All these surgical procedures can have a different impact on the soft tissue profile.MethodsThe changes in the soft tissue profile of 187 patients (Class II: 53, Class III: 134) were investigated. The treatment approaches were differentiated as follows: Class II: mandible advancement (MnA), bimaxillary surgery (MxS/MnA), upper extraction (UpEX), or Class III: maxillary advancement (MxA), mandible setback (MnS), bimaxillary surgery (MxA/MnS), and lower extraction (LowEX) as well as the extent of skeletal deviation (moderate Wits appraisal: - 7 mm to 7 mm, pronounced: Wits <- 7 mm, > 7 mm, respectively). This resulted in five groups for Class II treatment and seven groups for Class III treatment.ResultsIn the Class II patients, a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between UpEX and moderate MnA was found for facial profile (N'-Prn-Pog'), soft tissue profile (N'-Sn-Pog'), and mentolabial angle (Pog'-B'-Li). In the Class III patients, a statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) occurred between LowEX and moderate MxA for facial profile (N'-Prn-Pog'), soft tissue profile (N'-Sn-Pog'), upper and lower lip distacne to esthetic line (Ls/Li-E-line), and lower lip length (Sto-Gn'). Only isolated significant differences (p < 0.05) were recognized between the moderate surgical Class II and III treatments as well between the pronounced Class III surgeries. No statistical differences were noticed between moderate and pronounced orthognathic surgery.ConclusionsWhen surgery is required, the influence of orthognathic surgical techniques on the profile seems to be less significant. However, it must be carefully considered if orthognathic or camouflage treatment should be done in moderate malocclusions as a moderate mandibular advancement in Class II therapy will straighten the soft tissue profile much more by increasing the facial and soft tissue profile angle and reducing the mentolabial angle than camouflage treatment. In contrast, moderate maxillary advancement in Class III therapy led to a significantly more convex facial and soft tissue profile by decreasing distances of the lips to the E-Line as well as the lower lip length.

Project description:ObjectivesTo establish the three-dimensional facial soft tissue morphology of adolescent and adult females in the Guangdong population and to study the morphological characteristics of hyperdivergent skeletal class II females in Guangdong compared with that of normodivergent class I groups.Materials and methodsThe 3dMDface system was used to capture face scans of 160 patients, including 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adolescents (aged 11-14 years old) and 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adults (aged 18-30 years old). Thirty-two soft tissue landmarks were mapped, and 21 linear, 10 angular and 17 ratio measurements were obtained by 3dMDvultus analysis software. Data were assessed with a t-test of two independent samples between the normal adolescent and adult groups and between the normal and hyperdivergent skeletal class II groups.ResultsThe linear measurements of the Guangdong adult females were larger than those of the adolescents in both Class I and Class II groups. However, the angular and ratio measurements had no significant difference. The vertical linear measurements were higher and the sagittal and transverse linear measurements were smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p < 0.05). The soft tissue ANB angle, chin-lip angle, and mandibular angle were significantly larger and the soft tissue facial convexity angle and nasal convexity angle were significantly smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the ratio measurements between the hyperdivergent class II groups and the control groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe three-dimensional facial morphology of Guangdong adolescent and adult females was acquired. The facial soft tissue measurements of the adults were higher in the three dimensions except for the facial convexity and proportional relationships which were similar, suggesting that the growth pattern remained the same. The three-dimensional facial soft tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II were characterized by the terms "long, convex, and narrow". Three-dimensional facial measurements can reflect intrinsic hard tissue characteristics.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:This Cross-sectional study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the difference in the alveolar bone of the anterior teeth between high-angle adults with severe skeletal Class II malocclusions and Class III malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The CBCT archives from 62 high-angle adults were selected from patients of the Stomatology Hospital of Peking University between October 2017 to January 2018. The 62 high-angle adult subjects were divided into the following 2 groups based on their sagittal jaw relationships: severe skeletal Class II and severe skeletal Class III. Vertical bone level (VBL), alveolar bone area (ABA), and thickness of alveolar bone were measured at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm below and above to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) level, as well as at the apical level. Then, independent samples t-test were conducted for statistical comparisons. RESULTS:In the maxillary incisors, the labial VBL was smaller in the patients in skeletal Class III group than those in skeletal Class II group (P<0.05). On the labial side, the ABA was significantly thinner in patients in skeletal Class II group than those in skeletal Class III group, especially in terms of the maxillary central incisors' ABA at 4 mm and 6 mm above the CEJ level (P<0.05), in terms of apical ABA and total ABA of the maxillary lateral incisors (P<0.05). The alveolar bone thickness around maxillary lateral incisors was significantly thinner in patients of skeletal Class II than that of patients of skeletal Class III, especially regarding the apical level on the labial side (P<0.05). The ABA of the mandibular alveolar bone in the area of the lower anterior teeth was significantly thinner in patients in skeletal Class III group than those in skeletal Class II group, especially in terms of apical ABA, total ABA on the labial and lingual sides, and ABA at 6 mm below the CEJ level on the lingual side (P<0.05). In the mandibular lateral incisors, the alveolar bone thickness was significantly thinner in patients in skeletal Class III group than it was in patients in skeletal Class II group, especially regarding the apical level on the lingual side (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The ABA and the alveolar bone thickness of the mandibular anterior teeth were significantly thinner in the severe high-angle group of skeletal Class III adult patients than in the sample of severe high-angle skeletal Class II adult cases. Our study firstly revealed that the roots of the maxillary central and lateral incisors were placed more labially in the subjects of severe high-angle skeletal Class II than in those of severe high-angle skeletal Class III, especially in the lateral incisors.

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Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions.

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Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions.

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