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A combination of 7-ketocholesterol, lysosphingomyelin and bile acid-408 to diagnose Niemann-Pick disease type C using LC-MS/MS.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of NPC1 or NPC2, which encode the proteins that are responsible for intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Loss of this function results in the accumulation of cholesterol-related products, such as oxysterols, sphingolipids, and NPC-related bile acids, which were recently used as biochemical biomarkers for the diagnosis of NPC. Bile acid-408 is a new significant compound we found in Japanese NPC patients, and it likely belongs to the category of bile acids. However, the diagnosis of NPC using a single biomarker is not satisfactory for clinical application because of the high instance of false negatives or positives. Therefore, we proposed an application of NPC diagnosis using a combination of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), lysosphingomyelin (lysoSM), bile acid-408 and/or glucosylsphingosine (lysoGL-1). METHODS AND FINDINGS:7-KC, lysoSM and lysoGL-1 in sera and bile acid-408 in dried blood spots (DBS) were quantified within 17 minutes using tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. We measured these biomarkers in NPC patients (n = 19), X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) patients (n = 5), patients with other lysosomal diseases (n = 300), newborns (n = 124) and healthy people (n = 74). Our results showed a promising accuracy (97%) for NPC diagnosis using the combination of 7-KC, lysoSM and bile acid-408. However, contrary to our expectations, lysoGL-1 levels did not present at a significantly greater amount in NPC patients than other patients and negative controls. CONCLUSIONS:The combination of 7-KC, lysoSM and bile acid-408 improves the accuracy of NPC diagnosis and is feasible for mass screening due to its simple sample preparation and measurement. Future research should investigate the chemical structure of bile acid-408 to further facilitate its advantage in diagnosis.

SUBMITTER: Wu C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7478639 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A combination of 7-ketocholesterol, lysosphingomyelin and bile acid-408 to diagnose Niemann-Pick disease type C using LC-MS/MS.

Wu Chen C Iwamoto Takeo T Hossain Mohammad Arif MA Akiyama Keiko K Igarashi Junko J Miyajima Takashi T Eto Yoshikatsu Y

PloS one 20200908 9

<h4>Background</h4>Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of NPC1 or NPC2, which encode the proteins that are responsible for intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Loss of this function results in the accumulation of cholesterol-related products, such as oxysterols, sphingolipids, and NPC-related bile acids, which were recently used as biochemical biomarkers for the diagnosis of NPC. Bile acid-408 is a new significant compound we found in Japane ...[more]

PMID: 32898135

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Project description:Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a neurovisceral disorder associated with the accumulation of lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids. NPC is caused by either NPC1 or NPC2, which encode lysosomal proteins located at membraneous and soluble fractions, respectively. For the past decade, the oxidation products of cholesterol, such as cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol and 7-ketocholesterol, have been considered selective biomarkers for NPC. However, recent evidence has indicated numerous novel biomarkers for NPC, which raises the possibility that the diagnosis of NPC might be associated with the elevation of multiple lipid biomarkers, rather than a single biomarker. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) has been suggested to be one such biomarker for NPC, in which elevated sphingomyelin is a potential precursor. Thus, we first performed a validation study of plasma SPC using LC-MS/MS. The results showed the following plasma concentrations in the NPC-affected and control individuals, respectively: 8.2 ± 2.8 nM (mean ± SD; median, 7.0 nM; max, 11.7 nM; min, 5.1 nM; n = 5) and 3.1 ± 1.4 nM (median, 2.9 nM; max, 4.8 nM; min, 1.5 nM; n = 7). We further extended the study to plasma lysophingomyelin-509 for NPC, a newly reported biomarker with uncharacterized chemical nature. Based on these result with plasma SPC as a surrogate marker, the value of mean of median of plasma lysophingomyelin-509 in NPC-affected individuals elevated at 65.2 (max, 73.2; min, 26.7; n = 5). Furthermore, the efficacy of plasma SPC and lysosphingomyelin-509 as promising biomarkers for this disorder was supported by the finding that the urinary concentration of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-N-acetylglucosaminyl-5-cholen-24-oic acid, an established biomarker for NPC, was also elevated in the NPC-affected individuals. These results suggest that a novel combination of plasma biomarkers, such as SPC and/or lysophingomyelin-509, and urinary bile acid metabolite could offer a promising platform for the diagnosis of NPC.

Project description:BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma closely related to metabolic disorders is a common and aggressive liver malignancy. The dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis has emerged as a key factor for the development and progression of HCC. We aimed to investigate the relationship between bile acids and HCC diagnosis and progression.MethodsA total of 744 HBV-related patients (including 396 HCC patients and 348 patients with chronic liver diseases) were enrolled in the current study. The baseline characteristics of patients were collected from electronic medical records, and the levels of bile acid profiles were determined by LC-MS/MS. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to reduce the effect of selection bias, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical application values of bile acid.ResultsSignificant differences were observed for most characteristics between the HCC group and the CLD group before PSM analysis. Patients with HCC were older and fatter (p < 0.05). After adjusting with a 1:1 ratio for age, gender and BMI, 42 HCC patients and 42 non-HCC patients were matched in 2 groups, respectively. The total bile acid level in HCC patients was lower than that in patients with chronic liver diseases before and after PSM analysis (p < 0.05). However, patients with HCC had significantly higher levels of DCA, LCA, and GLCA and lower levels of TCDCA, GUDCA, and TUDCA (p < 0.05, respectively). Besides, the TCDCA, TUDCA, GLCA, and GUDCA were significantly correlated with tumor procession. Moreover, the BAs profiles had a superior predictive ability for predicting the development of HCC even in patients with low serum AFP levels.ConclusionPatients with HCC had significantly lower levels of total bile acid, but higher levels of secondary bile acids (DCA, LCA, and GLCA). The levels of primary bile acid (TCDCA) were closely related to tumor size and stage, which indicated that the bile acids were involved in the HCC procession and had important clinical application values.

Project description:BackgroundThe biological diagnosis of sphingolipidoses currently relies on the measurement of specific enzymatic activities and/or genetic studies. Lysosphingolipids have recently emerged as potential biomarkers of sphingolipidoses and Niemann-Pick type C in plasma.MethodologyWe developed a sensitive and specific method enabling the simultaneous quantification of lysosphingolipids by LC-MS/MS: lysoglobotriaosylceramide for Fabry disease, lysohexosylceramide (i.e. lysoglucosylceramide and/or lysogalactosylceramide) for Gaucher and Krabbe diseases, lysosphingomyelin and its carboxylated analogue lysosphingomyelin-509 for Niemann-Pick type A or B, and C diseases, lysoGM1 ganglioside for GM1gangliosidosis and lysoGM2 ganglioside for GM2 gangliosidosis.FindingsThe diagnostic performances were validated in plasma samples analysing a large series of patients affected with sphingolipidoses and Niemann-Pick type C disease (n = 98), other inborn errors of metabolism (n = 23), and controls (n = 228). The multiplex measurement of lysosphingolipids allowed the screening of Fabry (including female patients and late-onset variants), Gaucher and infantile Krabbe, Niemann-Pick type A/B and C diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. LysoGM1 and LysoGM2 were elevated in most of the patients affected with GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis respectively. In amniotic fluid supernatant from pregnancies presenting non-immune hydrops fetalis (n = 77, including previously diagnosed Gaucher (n = 5), GM1 gangliosidosis (n = 4) and galactosialidosis (n = 4) fetuses) and from normal pregnancies (n = 15), a specific and dramatic increase of lysohexosylceramide was observed only in the Gaucher amniotic fluid samples.InterpretationThis multiplex assay which allows the simultaneous measurement of lysosphingolipids in plasma modifies the diagnostic strategy of sphingolipidoses and Niemann-Pick type C. Furthermore, in pregnancies presenting non-immune hydrops fetalis, lysohexosylceramide measurement in amniotic fluid offers a rapid screening of fetal Gaucher disease without waiting for glucocerebrosidase activity measurement in cultured amniocytes.

Dataset Information

A combination of 7-ketocholesterol, lysosphingomyelin and bile acid-408 to diagnose Niemann-Pick disease type C using LC-MS/MS.

Publications

A combination of 7-ketocholesterol, lysosphingomyelin and bile acid-408 to diagnose Niemann-Pick disease type C using LC-MS/MS.

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