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Preparation of high precision multilayer scaffolds based on Melt Electro-Writing to repair cartilage injury.

ABSTRACT: Rationale: Articular cartilage injury is quite common. However, post-injury cartilage repair is challenging and often requires medical intervention, which can be aided by 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. Specifically, the high accuracy of Melt Electro-Writing (MEW) technology facilitates the printing of scaffolds that imitate the structure and composition of natural cartilage to promote repair. Methods: MEW and Inkjet printing technology was employed to manufacture a composite scaffold that was then implanted into a cartilage injury site through microfracture surgery. While printing polycaprolactone (PCL) or PCL/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds, cytokine-containing microspheres were sprayed alternately to form multiple layers containing transforming growth factor-?1 and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (surface layer), insulin-like growth factor-1 (middle layer), and HA (deep layer). Results: The composite biological scaffold was conducive to adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells recruited from the bone marrow and blood. Meanwhile, the environmental differences between the scaffold's layers contributed to the regional heterogeneity of chondrocytes and secreted proteins to promote functional cartilage regeneration. The biological effect of the composite scaffold was validated both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: A cartilage repair scaffold was established with high precision as well as promising mechanical and biological properties. This scaffold can promote the repair of cartilage injury by using, and inducing the differentiation and expression of, autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

SUBMITTER: Han Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7481411 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Preparation of high precision multilayer scaffolds based on Melt Electro-Writing to repair cartilage injury.

Han Yu Y Lian Meifei M Sun Binbin B Jia Bo B Wu Qiang Q Qiao Zhiguang Z Dai Kerong K

Theranostics 20200813 22

<b>Rationale:</b> Articular cartilage injury is quite common. However, post-injury cartilage repair is challenging and often requires medical intervention, which can be aided by 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. Specifically, the high accuracy of Melt Electro-Writing (MEW) technology facilitates the printing of scaffolds that imitate the structure and composition of natural cartilage to promote repair. <b>Methods:</b> MEW and Inkjet printing technology was employed to manufacture a compos ...[more]

PMID: 32929344

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Project description:The demands for applicable tissue-engineered scaffolds that can be used to repair load-bearing segmental bone defects (SBDs) is vital and in increasing demand. In this study, seven different combinations of 3 dimensional (3D) novel nanocomposite porous structured scaffolds were fabricated to rebuild SBDs using an extraordinary blend of cockle shells (CaCo3) nanoparticles (CCN), gelatin, dextran and dextrin to structure an ideal bone scaffold with adequate degradation rate using the Freeze Drying Method (FDM) and labeled as 5211, 5400, 6211, 6300, 7101, 7200 and 8100. The micron sized cockle shells powder obtained (75 µm) was made into nanoparticles using mechano-chemical, top-down method of nanoparticles synthesis with the presence of the surfactant BS-12 (dodecyl dimethyl bataine). The phase purity and crystallographic structures, the chemical functionality and the thermal characterization of the scaffolds' powder were recognized using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) respectively. Characterizations of the scaffolds were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Degradation Manner, Water Absorption Test, Swelling Test, Mechanical Test and Porosity Test. Top-down method produced cockle shell nanoparticles having averagely range 37.8±3-55.2±9 nm in size, which were determined using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). A mainly aragonite form of calcium carbonate was identified in both XRD and FTIR for all scaffolds, while the melting (Tm) and transition (Tg) temperatures were identified using DSC with the range of Tm 62.4-75.5 °C and of Tg 230.6-232.5 °C. The newly prepared scaffolds were with the following characteristics: (i) good biocompatibility and biodegradability, (ii) appropriate surface chemistry and (iii) highly porous, with interconnected pore network. Engineering analyses showed that scaffold 5211 possessed 3D interconnected homogenous porous structure with a porosity of about 49%, pore sizes ranging from 8.97 to 337 µm, mechanical strength 20.3 MPa, Young's Modulus 271±63 MPa and enzymatic degradation rate 22.7 within 14 days.

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Preparation of high precision multilayer scaffolds based on Melt Electro-Writing to repair cartilage injury.

Publications

Preparation of high precision multilayer scaffolds based on Melt Electro-Writing to repair cartilage injury.

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