Cellular Senescence: A New Player in Kidney Injury.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7484413 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Senescent cells have undergone permanent growth arrest, adopt an altered secretory phenotype, and accumulate in the kidney and other organs with ageing and injury. Senescence has diverse physiologic roles and experimental studies support its importance in nephrogenesis, successful tissue repair, and in opposing malignant transformation. However, recent murine studies have shown that depletion of chronically senescent cells extends healthy lifespan and delays age-associated disease-implicating senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype as drivers of organ dysfunction. Great interest is therefore focused on the manipulation of senescence as a novel therapeutic target in kidney disease. In this review, we examine current knowledge and areas of ongoing uncertainty regarding senescence in the human kidney and experimental models. We summarize evidence supporting the role of senescence in normal kidney development and homeostasis but also senescence-induced maladaptive repair, renal fibrosis, and transplant failure. Recent studies using senescent cell manipulation and depletion as novel therapies to treat renal disease are discussed, and we explore unanswered questions for future research.
| S-EPMC6493983 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Senescence of kidney tubules leads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Proximal tubular epithelial cells undergo stress-induced senescence during diabetes and episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and combining these injuries promotes the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Since TIF is crucial to progression of DKD, we examined the therapeutic potential of targeting senescence with a senolytic drug (HSP90 inhibitor) and/or a senostatic drug (ASK1 inhibitor) in a model of TIF in which AKI is superimposed on diabetes. After 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, mice underwent bilateral clamping of renal pedicles to induce mild AKI, followed by 28 days of reperfusion. Groups of mice (n=10-12) received either vehicle, HSP90 inhibitor (alvespimycin), ASK1 inhibitor (GS-444217), or both treatments. Vehicle-treated mice displayed tubular injury at day 3 and extensive tubular cell senescence at day 10, which remained unresolved at day 28. Markers of senescence (Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a), inflammation (Cd68, Tnf, and Ccl2), and TIF (Col1a1, Col4a3, α-Sma/Acta2, and Tgfb1) were elevated at day 28, coinciding with renal function impairment. Treatment with alvespimycin alone reduced kidney senescence and levels of Col1a1, Acta2, Tgfb1, and Cd68; however, further treatment with GS-444217 also reduced Col4a3, Tnf, Ccl2, and renal function impairment. Senolytic therapy can inhibit TIF during DKD, but its effectiveness can be improved by follow-up treatment with a senostatic inhibitor, which has important implications for treating progressive DKD.
| S-EPMC10914710 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the serious clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. Despite substantial progress in understanding the mechanism of AKI, no effective drug is available for treatment or prevention. In this study, we identified that a ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was abnormally increased in the kidneys of cisplatin-induced AKI mice or tubular epithelial TCMK-1 cells. The AhR inhibition by BAY2416964 and tubular conditional deletion both alleviated cisplatin-induced kidney dysfunction and tubular injury. Notably, inhibition of AhR could improve cellular senescence of injured kidneys, which was indicated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, biomarker p53, p21, p16 expression, and secretory-associated secretory phenotype IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα level. Mechanistically, the abnormal AhR expression was positively correlated with the increase of a methyltransferase EZH2, and AhR inhibition suppressed the EZH2 expression in cisplatin-injured kidneys. Furthermore, the result of ChIP assay displayed that EZH2 might indirectly interact with AhR promoter region by affecting H3K27me3. The direct recruitment between H3K27me3 and AhR promoter is higher in the kidneys of control than that of cisplatin-treated mice, suggesting EZH2 reversely influenced AhR expression through weakening H3K27me3 transcriptional inhibition on AhR promoter. The present study implicated that AhR and EZH2 have mutual regulation, which further accelerated tubular senescence in cisplatin-induced AKI. Notably, the crucial role of AhR is potential to become a promising target for AKI.
| S-EPMC9837170 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDysregulations in cholesterol and lipid metabolism have been linked to human diseases like hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis or the metabolic syndrome. Many ABC transporters are involved in trafficking of metabolites derived from these pathways. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal-recessive disease caused by ABCC6 mutations, is characterized by atherogenesis and soft tissue calcification.MethodsIn this study we investigated the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in human dermal fibroblasts from PXE patients and healthy controls.ResultsGene expression analysis of 84 targets indicated dysregulations in cholesterol metabolism in PXE fibroblasts. Transcript levels of ABCC6 were strongly increased in lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) and under serum starvation in healthy controls. For the first time, increased HMG CoA reductase activities were found in PXE fibroblasts. We further observed strongly elevated transcript and protein levels for the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), as well as a significant reduction in APOE mRNA expression in PXE.ConclusionIncreased cholesterol biosynthesis, elevated PCSK9 levels and reduced APOE mRNA expression newly found in PXE fibroblasts could enforce atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk in PXE patients. Moreover, the increase in ABCC6 expression accompanied by the induction of cholesterol biosynthesis supposes a functional role for ABCC6 in human lipoprotein and cholesterol homeostasis.
| S-EPMC4124508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cellular senescence is a mechanism that provides an irreversible barrier to cell cycle progression to prevent undesired proliferation. However, under pathological circumstances, senescence can adversely affect organ function, viability and regeneration. We have developed a mouse model of biliary senescence, based on the conditional deletion of Mdm2 in bile ducts under the control of the Krt19 promoter, that exhibits features of biliary disease. Here we report that senescent cholangiocytes induce profound alterations in the cellular and signalling microenvironment, with recruitment of myofibroblasts and macrophages causing collagen deposition, TGFβ production and induction of senescence in surrounding cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Finally, we study how inhibition of TGFβ-signalling disrupts the transmission of senescence and restores liver function. We identify cellular senescence as a detrimental mechanism in the development of biliary injury. Our results identify TGFβ as a potential therapeutic target to limit senescence-dependent aggravation in human cholangiopathies.
| S-EPMC5844882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sepsis is a severe and dysregulated inflammatory disease that often precedes the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) with consequent worsening outcome. The main characteristics of sepsis-induced AKI include endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells, glomerular thrombosis, and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) injury. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of renal injury in course of sepsis. However, little is known, about the molecular basis of mTOR role in EC and RTEC dysfunction. Here, we evaluate whether mTOR inhibition by Rapamycin (Rp) as potential strategy to ameliorate renal function and dissected the molecular mechanisms involved. In a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI , LPS injection led to a time-dependent increase of serum creatinine and significant morphological changes in renal parenchyma associated with increased collagen deposits and endothelial dysfunction. Interestingly, Rp treatment significantly decreased creatine levels and preserved renal parenchyma, counteracting Endothelial-to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) process and early fibrosis through the inhibition of ERK pathway. Next, we examined the effects of LPS-TLR4 interaction in RTECs. Through a whole-genome DNA methylation analysis in cultured RTEC, we found that LPS induced aberrant methylation, particularly in regions involved in premature aging. The most represented genes were CD39 and WFS1. LPS stimulation of RTEC led to up-regulation of SA-β Gal and cell cycle arrest markers such as p21. In accordance, in endotoxemic mice, we found a decreased expression of CD39 concurrent with Klotho down-regulation. Administration of Rp exerted anti-aging effects in endotoxemic mice, preserving CD39 and Klotho expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that mTOR inhibition could offer novel strategies to protect endothelial and tubular compartment from accelerated aging and fibrosis thus counteracting the progression to chronic kidney disease.
2024-09-16 | E-MTAB-13396 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health burden (affecting approximately 13.4% of the population). Currently, no curative treatment options are available and treatment is focused on limiting the disease progression. The accumulation of senescent cells has been implicated in the development of kidney fibrosis by limiting tissue rejuvenation and through the secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory mediators termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The clearance of senescent cells in aging models results in improved kidney function, which shows promise for the options of targeting senescent cells in CKD. There are several approaches for the development of "senotherapies", the most rigorous of which is the elimination of senescent cells by the so-called senolytic drugs either newly developed or repurposed for off-target effects in terms of selectively inducing apoptosis in senescent cells. Several chemotherapeutics and checkpoint inhibitors currently used in daily oncological practice show senolytic properties. However, the applicability of such senolytic compounds for the treatment of renal diseases has hardly been investigated. A serious concern is that systemic side effects will limit the use of senolytics for kidney fibrosis. Specifically targeting senescent cells and/or targeted drug delivery to the kidney might circumvent these side effects. In this review, we discuss the connection between CKD and senescence, the pharmacological options for targeting senescent cells, and the means to specifically target the kidney.
| S-EPMC6639430 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition of growing incidence. Patients who suffer severe AKI have a higher risk of developing interstitial fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease later in life. Cellular senescence is a persistent cell cycle arrest and altered gene expression pattern evoked by multiple stressors. The number of senescent cells increases with age and even in small numbers these cells can induce chronic inflammation and fibrosis; indeed, in multiple organs including kidneys, the accumulation of such cells is a hallmark of aging. We hypothesized that cellular senescence might be induced in the kidney after injury and that this might contribute to progressive organ fibrosis. Testing this hypothesis, we found that tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in mice senesce within a few days of kidney injury and that this response is mediated by epithelial Toll-like and interleukin 1 receptors (TLR/IL-1R) of the innate immune system. Epithelial cell-specific inhibition of innate immune signaling in mice by knockout of myeloid differentiation 88 (Myd88) reduced fibrosis as well as damage to kidney tubules, and also prevented the accumulation of senescent TECs. Importantly, although inactivation of Myd88 after injury ameliorated fibrosis, it did not reduce damage to the tubules. Selectively induced apoptosis of senescent cells by two different approaches only partially reduced kidney fibrosis, without ameliorating damage to the tubules. Our data reveal a cell-autonomous role for epithelial innate immunity in controlling TEC senescence after kidney injury, and additionally suggest that early therapeutic intervention is required for effective reduction of long-term sequelae of AKI.
| S-EPMC6413792 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The renal-specific Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) is the major salt transport pathway of the apical membrane of the mammalian thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Here, we analyze the role of the tetraspan protein myelin and lymphocytes-associated protein (MAL)/VIP17 in the regulation of NKCC2. We demonstrated that 1) NKCC2 and MAL/VIP17 colocalize and coimmunoprecipitate in Lilly Laboratories cell porcine kidney cells (LLC-PK1) as well as in rat kidney medullae, 2) a 150-amino acid stretch of NKCC2 C-terminal tail is involved in the interaction with MAL/VIP17, 3) MAL/VIP17 increases the cell surface retention of NKCC2 by attenuating its internalization, and 4) this coincides with an increase in cotransporter phosphorylation. Interestingly, overexpression of MAL/VIP17 in the kidney of transgenic mice results in cysts formation in distal nephron structures consistent with the hypothesis that MAL/VIP17 plays an important role in apical sorting or in maintaining the stability of the apical membrane. The NKCC2 expressed in these mice was highly glycosylated and phosphorylated, suggesting that MAL/VIP17 also is involved in the stabilization of NKCC2 at the apical membrane in vivo. Thus, the involvement of MAL/VIP17 in the activation and surface expression of NKCC2 could play an important role in the regulated absorption of Na+ and Cl- in the kidney.
| S-EPMC2982131 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cellular senescence refers to a cellular phenotype characterized by an altered transcriptome, pro-inflammatory secretome, and generally irreversible growth arrest. Acutely senescent cells are widely recognized as performing key physiological functions in vivo promoting normal organogenesis, successful wound repair, and cancer defense. In contrast, the accumulation of chronically senescent cells in response to aging, cell stress, genotoxic damage, and other injurious stimuli is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to organ dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and the more generalized aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the role of senescent cells in promoting progressive fibrosis and dysfunction with a particular focus on the kidney and reference to other organ systems. Specific differences between healthy and senescent cells are reviewed along with a summary of several experimental pharmacological approaches to deplete or manipulate senescent cells to preserve organ integrity and function with aging and after injury. Finally, key questions for future research and clinical translation are discussed.
| S-EPMC7264097 | biostudies-literature