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Structural insight to hydroxychloroquine-3C-like proteinase complexation from SARS-CoV-2: inhibitor modelling study through molecular docking and MD-simulation study.

ABSTRACT: The spread of novel coronavirus strain, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has now spread worldwide and effecting the entire human race. The viral genetic material is transcripted and replicated by 3 C-like protease, as a result, it is an important drug target for COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) report promising results against this drug target so, we perform molecular docking followed by MD-simulation studies of HCQ and modelled some ligand (Mod-I and Mod-II) molecules with SARS-CoV-2-main protease which reveals the structural organization of the active site residues and presence of a conserve water-mediated catalytic triad that helps in the recognition of Mod-I/II ligand molecules. The study may be helpful to gain a detailed structural insight on the presence of water-mediated catalytic triad which could be useful for inhibitor modelling. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

SUBMITTER: Mukherjee S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7484585 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundCOVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Pharmaceutical companies aim to control virus spread through effective drugs. This study investigates chromone compound derivatives' ability to inhibit viral entry and prevent replication.MethodThis study investigated the inhibitory effect of chromone-embedded peptidomimetics and furopyrimidines on 7BZ5 from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2, Homo sapiens, and 6LU7 from Bat SARS-like CoV using molecular docking. The crystal structure of these proteins was obtained from the Protein Data Bank, and the inhibition site was determined using ligand binding interaction options. The 3D structure was protonated and energetically minimised using MOE software. Chromone derivatives were designed in three dimensions, and their energy was minimised using MOE 2019. The molecular drug-likeness was calculated using SwissADME, Lipinski and Benigni-Bossa's rule, and toxicity was calculated using Toxtree v3.1.0 software. Compounds with pharmacological properties were selected for molecular docking, and interactions were assessed using MOE 2019. MD simulations of Mpro-ch-p complexes were performed to evaluate root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) and measure protein stability.ResultThe pharmacokinetic tests revealed that chromone derivatives of the peptidomimetic family have acceptable pharmacokinetic activity in the human body. Some compounds, such as Ch-p1, Ch-p2, Ch-p6, Ch-p7, Ch-p12, and Ch-p13, have pronounced medicinal properties. Molecular docking revealed high affinity for binding to SARS-CoV-2 protease. Ch-p7 had the highest binding energy, likely due to its inhibitory property. A 10 ns molecular dynamics study confirmed the stability of the protein-ligand complex, resulting in minimal fluctuations in the system's backbone. The MM-GBSA analysis revealed free energies of binding of - 19.54 kcal/mol.ConclusionsThe study investigated the inhibition of viral replication using chromone derivatives, finding high inhibitory effects in the peptidomimetic family compared to other studies.

Project description:Based on unselectively, several side effects and drug resistance of available anticancer agents, the development and research for novel anticancer agents is necessary. In this study, a new series of quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives having a thiol group at position 2 of the quinazoline ring (8a-8 h) were designed and synthesized as potential anticancer agents. The Chemical structures of all compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. The antiproliferative activity of all derivatives were determined against two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SW480) and one normal cell lines (MRC-5) by the MTT method. Cisplatin, Erlotinib and Doxorubicin were used as positive controls. The results of in vitro screening showed that 8a with an aliphatic linker to SH group was the most potent compound with IC50 values of 15.85 ± 3.32 and 17.85 ± 0.92 µM against MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines, respectively. 8a indicated significantly better potency compared to Erlotinib in the MCF-7 cell line. The cytotoxic results obtained from testing compound 8a on the normal cell line, revealing an IC50 value of 84.20 ± 1.72 µM, provide compelling evidence of its selectivity in distinguishing between tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cell lines. Structure-activity relationship indicated that the variation in the anticancer activities of quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives was affected by different substitutions on the SH position. Molecular docking and MD simulation were carried out for consideration of the binding affinity of compounds against EGFR and EGFR-mutated. The binding energy of compounds 8a and 8c were calculated at -6.7 and - 5.3 kcal.mol- 1, respectively. Compounds 8a and 8c were found to establish hydrogen bonds and some other important interactions with key residue. The DFT analysis was also performed at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d, p) level for compounds 8a, 8c and Erlotinib. Compound 8a was thermodynamically more stable than 8c. Also, the calculated theoretical and experimental data for the IR spectrum were in agreement. The obtained results delineated that the 8a can be considered an appropriate pharmacophore to develop as an anti-proliferative agent.

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Structural insight to hydroxychloroquine-3C-like proteinase complexation from SARS-CoV-2: inhibitor modelling study through molecular docking and MD-simulation study.

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