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ABSTRACT: Context
Shoulder injuries are highly prevalent in sports involving the upper extremity. Some risk factors have been identified in the literature, but consensus is still lacking.Objectives
To identify risk factors of overuse shoulder injury in overhead athletes, as described in the literature.Data sources
A systematic review of the literature from the years 1970 to 2018 was performed using 2 electronic databases: PubMed and Scopus.Study selection
Prospective studies, written in English, that described at least 1 risk factor associated with overuse shoulder injuries in overhead sports (volleyball, handball, basketball, swimming, water polo, badminton, baseball, and tennis) were considered for analysis.Study design
Systematic review.Level of evidence
Level 3.Data extraction
Data were extracted from 25 studies. Study methodology quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score.Results
Intrinsic factors, previous injury, range of motion (lack or excess), and rotator cuff weakness (isometric and isokinetic) highly increase the risk of future injuries. Additionally, years of athletic practice, body mass index, sex, age, and level of play seem to have modest influence. As for the effect of scapular dysfunction on shoulder injuries, it is still controversial, though these are typically linked. Extrinsic factors, field position, condition of practice (match/training), time of season, and training load also have influence on the occurrence of shoulder injuries.Conclusion
Range of motion, rotator cuff muscle weakness, and training load are important modifiable factors associated with shoulder injuries. Scapular dysfunction may also have influence. The preventive approach for shoulder injury should focus on these factors.
SUBMITTER: Tooth C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7485028 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature