Dataset Information

A single-arm study to evaluate the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after reaching steady state, following oral administration of 4?mg drospirenone in healthy lactating female volunteers.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:The primary objective of this trial was to assess the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after daily administration of an oral test preparation containing 4?mg of drospirenone at the steady state. The secondary objective of the trial was to assess safety based on clinical and laboratory measurements and reporting of adverse events and/or adverse drug reactions. PATIENTS AND METHODS:This was an open label, non-comparative single-center study. Drospirenone 4?mg per day was the first postpartum contraceptive for the study participants who were no longer breastfeeding yet were still lactating. It was administered for 7?days to achieve steady-state concentration. All participants were volunteers who planned to use oral contraceptives as their family planning method in the future. RESULTS:Twelve volunteers completed the trial according to the protocol, and the samples of all 12 study completers were analyzed. The average concentration-time curve of drospirenone in plasma 24?h after the administration of the last dose (area under the curve (0-24?h)) was 635.33?ng?h/mL and 120?h after the single repeated dose administration (area under the curve (0-120?h)) was 1180.57?ng?h/mL, respectively. The average Cmax was 48.64?ng/mL.The average concentration-time curve of drospirenone in milk 24?h after the administration of the last dose (area under the curve (0-24?h)) was 134.35?ng?h/mL and 120?h after the single repeated dose administration (area under the curve (0-120?h)) was 227.17?ng?h/mL, respectively. The average Cmax was 10.34 ng/mL. CONCLUSION:On average, 18.13% of plasma drospirenone made it to breast milk and the highest concentration of drospirenone in breast milk was 17.55% of that in plasma. The total quantity of drospirenone passing to breast milk is on average 4478?ng during a 24-h period representing 0.11% of the maternal daily dose. Thus, at the recommended doses, no effects on breastfed newborns/infants are anticipated with drospirenone 4?mg.

SUBMITTER: Melka D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7485149 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A single-arm study to evaluate the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after reaching steady state, following oral administration of 4 mg drospirenone in healthy lactating female volunteers.

Melka Dace D Kask Kalev K Colli Enrico E Regidor Pedro-Antonio PA

Women's health (London, England) 20200101

<h4>Objective</h4>The primary objective of this trial was to assess the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after daily administration of an oral test preparation containing 4 mg of drospirenone at the steady state. The secondary objective of the trial was to assess safety based on clinical and laboratory measurements and reporting of adverse events and/or adverse drug reactions.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>This was an open label, non-comparative single-center study. Drospirenone 4 mg per da ...[more]

PMID: 32903172

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Project description:Milk oligosaccharides (MOs) can be prebiotic and antiadhesive, while fatty acids (MFAs) can be antimicrobial. Both have been associated with milk microbes or mammary gland inflammation in humans. Relationships between these milk components and milk microbes or inflammation have not been determined for cows and could help elucidate a novel approach for the dairy industry to promote desired milk microbial composition for improvement of milk quality and reduction of milk waste. We aimed to determine relationships among milk microbiota, MFAs, MOs, lactose, and somatic cell counts (SCC) from Holstein cows, using our previously published data. Raw milk samples were collected at three time points, ranging from early to late lactation. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects modeling and repeated-measures correlation. Unsaturated MFA and short-chain MFA had mostly negative relationships with potentially pathogenic genera, including Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, and an unknown Enterobacteriaceae genus but numerous positive relationships with symbionts Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. Conversely, many MOs were positively correlated with potentially pathogenic genera (e.g., Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas), and numerous MOs were negatively correlated with the symbiont Bifidobacterium. The neutral, nonfucosylated MO composed of eight hexoses had a positive relationship with SCC, while lactose had a negative relationship with SCC. One interpretation of these trends might be that in milk, MFAs disrupt primarily pathogenic bacterial cells, causing a relative increase in abundance of beneficial microbial taxa, while MOs respond to and act on pathogenic taxa primarily through antiadhesive methods. Further research is needed to confirm the potential mechanisms driving these correlations. IMPORTANCE Bovine milk can harbor microbes that cause mastitis, milk spoilage, and foodborne illness. Fatty acids found in milk can be antimicrobial and milk oligosaccharides can have antiadhesive, prebiotic, and immune-modulatory effects. Relationships among milk microbes, fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and inflammation have been reported for humans. To our knowledge, associations among the milk microbial composition, fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and lactose have not been reported for healthy lactating cows. Identifying these potential relationships in bovine milk will inform future efforts to characterize direct and indirect interactions of the milk components with the milk microbiota. Since many milk components are associated with herd management practices, determining if these milk components impact milk microbes may provide valuable information for dairy cow management and breeding practices aimed at minimizing harmful and spoilage-causing microbes in raw milk.

Dataset Information

A single-arm study to evaluate the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after reaching steady state, following oral administration of 4?mg drospirenone in healthy lactating female volunteers.

Publications

A single-arm study to evaluate the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after reaching steady state, following oral administration of 4 mg drospirenone in healthy lactating female volunteers.

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