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Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The Covid-19 pandemic is straining healthcare systems in the US and globally, which has wide-reaching implications for health. Women experience unique health risks and outcomes influenced by their gender, and this narrative review aims to outline how these differences are exacerbated in the Covid-19 pandemic. OBSERVATIONS:It has been well described that men suffer from greater morbidity and mortality once infected with SARS-CoV-2. This review analyzed the health, economic, and social systems that result in gender-based differences in the areas healthcare workforce, reproductive health, drug development, gender-based violence, and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. The increased risk of certain negative health outcomes and reduced healthcare access experienced by many women are typically exacerbated during pandemics. We assess data from previous disease outbreaks coupled with literature from the Covid-19 pandemic to examine the impact of gender on women's SARS-CoV-2 exposure and disease risks and overall health status during the Covid-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS:Gender differences in health risks and implications are likely to be expanded during the Covid-19 pandemic. Efforts to foster equity in health, social, and economic systems during and in the aftermath of Covid-19 may mitigate the inequitable risks posed by pandemics and other times of healthcare stress.

SUBMITTER: Connor J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7487147 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review.

Connor Jade J Madhavan Sarina S Mokashi Mugdha M Amanuel Hanna H Johnson Natasha R NR Pace Lydia E LE Bartz Deborah D

Social science & medicine (1982) 20200913

<h4>Background</h4>The Covid-19 pandemic is straining healthcare systems in the US and globally, which has wide-reaching implications for health. Women experience unique health risks and outcomes influenced by their gender, and this narrative review aims to outline how these differences are exacerbated in the Covid-19 pandemic.<h4>Observations</h4>It has been well described that men suffer from greater morbidity and mortality once infected with SARS-CoV-2. This review analyzed the health, econom ...[more]

PMID: 32950924

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Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to many countries implementing lockdown procedures, resulting in the suspension of laboratory research. With lockdown measures now easing in some areas, many laboratories are preparing to reopen. This is particularly challenging for clinical research laboratories due to the dual risk of patient samples carrying the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and the risk to patients being exposed to research staff during clinical sampling. To date, no confirmed transmission of the virus has been confirmed within a laboratory setting; however, operating processes and procedures should be adapted to ensure safe working of samples of positive, negative, or unknown COVID-19 status.ObjectiveIn this paper, we propose a framework for reopening a clinical research laboratory and resuming operations with the aim to maximize research capacity while minimizing the risk to research participants and staff.MethodsThis framework was developed by consensus among experienced laboratory staff who have prepared to reopen a clinical research laboratory.ResultsMultiple aspects need to be considered to reopen a clinical laboratory. We describe our process to stratify projects by risk, including assessment of donor risk and COVID-19 clinical status, the COVID-19 status of the specific sample type, and how to safely process each sample type. We describe methods to prepare the laboratory for safe working including maintaining social distancing through signage, one-way systems and access arrangements for staff and patients, limiting staff numbers on site and encouraging home working for all nonlaboratory tasks including data analysis and writing. Shared equipment usage was made safe by adapting booking systems to allow for the deployment of cleaning protocols. All risk assessments and standard operating procedures were rewritten and approved by local committees, and staff training was initiated to ensure compliance.ConclusionsLaboratories can adopt and adapt this framework to expedite reopening a clinical laboratory during the current COVID-19 pandemic while mitigating the risk to research participants and staff.

Dataset Information

Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review.

Publications

Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review.

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