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Nanoscale imaging of clinical specimens using conventional and rapid-expansion pathology.

ABSTRACT: In pathology, microscopy is an important tool for the analysis of human tissues, both for the scientific study of disease states and for diagnosis. However, the microscopes commonly used in pathology are limited in resolution by diffraction. Recently, we discovered that it was possible, through a chemical process, to isotropically expand preserved cells and tissues by 4-5× in linear dimension. We call this process expansion microscopy (ExM). ExM enables nanoscale resolution imaging on conventional microscopes. Here we describe protocols for the simple and effective physical expansion of a variety of human tissues and clinical specimens, including paraffin-embedded, fresh frozen and chemically stained human tissues. These protocols require only inexpensive, commercially available reagents and hardware commonly found in a routine pathology laboratory. Our protocols are written for researchers and pathologists experienced in conventional fluorescence microscopy. The conventional protocol, expansion pathology, can be completed in ~1 d with immunostained tissue sections and 2 d with unstained specimens. We also include a new, fast variant, rapid expansion pathology, that can be performed on <5-µm-thick tissue sections, taking <4 h with immunostained tissue sections and <8 h with unstained specimens.

SUBMITTER: Bucur O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7490752 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanoscale imaging of clinical specimens using conventional and rapid-expansion pathology.

Bucur Octavian O Fu Feifei F Calderon Mike M Mylvaganam Geetha H GH Ly Ngoc L NL Day Jimmy J Watkin Simon S Walker Bruce D BD Boyden Edward S ES Zhao Yongxin Y

Nature protocols 20200401 5

In pathology, microscopy is an important tool for the analysis of human tissues, both for the scientific study of disease states and for diagnosis. However, the microscopes commonly used in pathology are limited in resolution by diffraction. Recently, we discovered that it was possible, through a chemical process, to isotropically expand preserved cells and tissues by 4-5× in linear dimension. We call this process expansion microscopy (ExM). ExM enables nanoscale resolution imaging on convention ...[more]

PMID: 32238952

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Project description:ImportancePrevious studies have shown that uniform pathologic review of all splenectomy surgical specimens reveals new clinically actionable diagnoses only in a minority of cases.ObjectiveTo examine whether the aggregate of clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathologic preoperative data is associated with a clinically beneficial pathologic study for routine splenectomy surgical specimens.Design, setting, and participantsThis single-center retrospective cohort study included all patients who underwent splenectomy from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2018, at a single center. Clinical, imaging, and pathologic data were extracted from the institution's electronic medical records system. Data analysis was conducted from June to November 2020.ExposuresUndergoing splenectomy for trauma or diagnostic or therapeutic indications.Main outcomes and measuresSpleen pathology study resulting in a new medical diagnosis or change in medical management.ResultsOverall, 90 patients (53 [59%] men) with a median (range) age of 59 (19-90) years underwent splenectomy for therapeutic purposes in 41 patients (45%), trauma in 24 patients (27%), diagnostic purposes in 15 patients (17%), and combined therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in 9 patients (10%). In 14 patients (15%) a new malignant neoplasm was found, and in 8 patients (9%), a new nonneoplastic medical condition was diagnosed. A new pathologic diagnosis resulted in change in medical management in 16 patients (18%). In patients without a prior diagnosis of cancer, 41 of 56 pathology biopsies (73%) were found to be normal whereas in 7 biopsies (13%), a new diagnosis of a hematologic malignant neoplasm was revealed (P < .001). Patients with clinical splenomegaly were significantly more likely to have a new pathologic diagnosis of cancer compared with patients without splenomegaly (15 of 26 [58%] vs 4 of 64 [7%]; P < .001). In 39 of 43 patients (91%) with normal presurgery imaging studies, normal spleen pathology was revealed, whereas in 14 of 17 patients (82%) with abnormal imaging studies, a new hematological malignant neoplasm was diagnosed following pathologic review of the spleen specimen (P < .001). Patients with gross abnormalities on macroscopic examination had a significantly increased likelihood of a hematological cancer diagnosis (17 of 40 [43%]) and a solid cancer diagnosis (4 [10%]) compared with patients with grossly normal specimens (4 of 49 [8%]; P < .001).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, routine pathologic review of spleen specimens was clinically beneficial in patients with splenomegaly, abnormal imaging results, a prior diagnosis of cancer, and with grossly abnormal spleens.

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Nanoscale imaging of clinical specimens using conventional and rapid-expansion pathology.

Publications

Nanoscale imaging of clinical specimens using conventional and rapid-expansion pathology.

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