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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Teat-Sealant and Antibiotic Dry-Cow Treatments for Mastitis Prevention Shows Similar Effect on the Healthy Milk Microbiome.

ABSTRACT: Lactating cows are routinely treated at dry-off with antibiotic infusions in each quarter for the cure and prevention of pathogenic intramammary infection, which remains the most common disease in dairy herds. This approach is known as blanket dry-cow therapy, usually effective for the prevention and cure of infections, but has been shown to potentially contribute to the emergence and spreading of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Exploring the use of non-antibiotic treatments coupled with selective dry-cow therapy is necessary to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance and potential interference with milk microbiome balance. The impact of selective dry-cow therapy on the physiological milk microbiome needs to be carefully evaluated. In this small-scale trial, five healthy (no mastits, SCC <200,000 cells mL-1) second-parity cows from dry-off to 5 days after calving were sampled. For every cow, each quarter received a different treatment: (i) bismuth salnitrate (internal teat sealant, OrbSeal®, Zoetis, Italy), front right quarter; (ii) cephalonium dihydrate (Cepravin®, MSD, Italy), rear right quarter; (iii) benzathine cloxacillin (Cloxalene dry, Ati, Italy), rear left quarter. No treatment was applied to the remaining quarter (front left) which served as experimental control. For 16S rRNA gene sequencing, bacterial DNA was extracted from 5 ml of milk samples, amplified using the primers for the V3-V4 hypervariable regions and sequenced in one MiSeq (Illumina) run with 2 × 250-base paired-end reads. Bacteriological results confirmed that the quarters were all healthy. The phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant for all treatments and controls at all three timepoints, accounting for over 80% of the entire milk microbiota composition. No significant differences were found between treatments and controls in terms of the major alpha and beta diversity indexes, revealing that antibiotic, and non-antibiotic treatments for selective dry-cow therapy did not alter significantly the milk microbiome of dairy cows. The milk microbiota composition showed a clear evolution over the lactation cycle, and the overall changes in the milk microbiota diversity over the lactation cycle were mainly independent of treatments.

SUBMITTER: Biscarini F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7492605 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Teat-Sealant and Antibiotic Dry-Cow Treatments for Mastitis Prevention Shows Similar Effect on the Healthy Milk Microbiome.

Biscarini Filippo F Cremonesi Paola P Castiglioni Bianca B Stella Alessandra A Bronzo Valerio V Locatelli Clara C Moroni Paolo P

Frontiers in veterinary science 20200902

Lactating cows are routinely treated at dry-off with antibiotic infusions in each quarter for the cure and prevention of pathogenic intramammary infection, which remains the most common disease in dairy herds. This approach is known as blanket dry-cow therapy, usually effective for the prevention and cure of infections, but has been shown to potentially contribute to the emergence and spreading of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Exploring the use of non-antibiotic treatments coupled with ...[more]

PMID: 32984415

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Project description:In a recent study, a teat disinfectant based on a nisin-producing Lactococcus cremoris displayed comparable efficacy to a conventional iodophor disinfectant in preventing dairy cow mastitis when implemented in the dairy cow milking routine. Here, we carried out a longitudinal study for an in-depth investigation of the milk proteome. Four groups of matched quarter milk with low and high somatic cell count (SCC) collected at the beginning (T0) and at the end (TF) of the trial were selected for analysis, for a total of 28 low SCC (LSCC) and 12 high SCC (HSCC) samples. The milk was delipidated, digested into peptides, and subjected to a proteomic analysis workflow entailing NanoHPLC separation and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer. The proteins were identified with MaxQuant, the proteomes were compared for identifying differential proteins, and their interaction networks were assessed with STRING. In LSCC milk at T0, 31 were increased or present only in the Lactococcus (L) disinfectant group (from now INCREASED in L) and 59 proteins were decreased in L disinfectant group or present only in the conventional iodophor (C) group (from now DECREASED in L). All were involved in metabolic pathways and were likely related to physiological differences between animals. In LSCC milk at TF, 34 proteins were INCREASED in L and 46 proteins were DECREASED in the L disinfectant group. Most belonged to physiological milk pathways, but 3 antimicrobial proteins were enriched in the L group at the end of the trial. In HSCC milk at T0, 54 proteins were INCREASED in L and 34 DECREASED in L. Most were involved in physiological metabolic pathways; 4 proteins with antimicrobial functions were higher in L at the beginning of the trial. In HSCC milk at TF, 67 proteins were INCREASED in L and 39 DECREASED in L. All the proteins enriched in C belonged to metabolic pathways, while up to 14 proteins enriched in L were involved in antibiotic, antimicrobial, and immune defense pathways. Cathelicidins were among the most prominent differential proteins with antimicrobial functions. At T0, cathelicidins were generally higher in HSCC than LSCC milk of both experimental groups, as expected. At TF, they were increased or unique only in the Lactococcus group, in both LSCC and HSCC milk. Western immunoblotting validation confirmed the proteomic findings. On the other hand, enzymatic assessment of n-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAGase) did not highlight significant differences between the C and L groups, neither for LSCC nor for HSCC milk. In conclusion, the two disinfectants did not induce relevant functional changes in the milk proteome of healthy animals, except for three increased antimicrobial proteins in the Lactococcus group. On the other hand, in animals with an underlying mammary gland inflammation, the milk proteome of the Lactococcus group showed increased levels of several proteins with antibiotic, antimicrobial and immune defense functions. Among other factors, the selective immunostimulatory action of nisin, the antimicrobial effector of L. cremoris, might play a role in this observation.

Dataset Information

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Teat-Sealant and Antibiotic Dry-Cow Treatments for Mastitis Prevention Shows Similar Effect on the Healthy Milk Microbiome.

Publications

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Teat-Sealant and Antibiotic Dry-Cow Treatments for Mastitis Prevention Shows Similar Effect on the Healthy Milk Microbiome.

Similar Datasets

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