Transient coating of ?-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals.

ABSTRACT: Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and excessive extracellular glutamate concentration is a characteristic feature of stroke, brain trauma, and epilepsy. Also, glutamate is a potential tumor growth factor. Using radiolabeled ?-[¹⁴C]glutamate and magnetic fields, we developed an approach for monitoring the biomolecular coating (biocoating) with glutamate of the surface of maghemite (?-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles decreased the initial rate of ?-[¹⁴C]glutamate uptake, and increased the ambient level of ?-[¹⁴C]glutamate in isolated cortex nerve terminals (synaptosomes). The nanoparticles exhibit a high capability to adsorb glutamate/?-[¹⁴C]glutamate in water. Some components of the incubation medium of nerve terminals, that is, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and NaH₂PO₄, decreased the ability of ?-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles to form a glutamate biocoating by about 50% and 90%, respectively. Only 15% of the amount of glutamate biocoating obtained in water was obtained in blood plasma. Albumin did not prevent the formation of a glutamate biocoating. It was shown that the glutamate biocoating is a temporal dynamic structure at the surface of ?-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. Also, components of the nerve terminal incubation medium and physiological fluids responsible for the desorption of glutamate were identified. Glutamate-coated ?-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles can be used for glutamate delivery to the nervous system or for glutamate adsorption (but with lower effectiveness) in stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy, and cancer treatment following by its subsequent removal using a magnetic field. ?-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with transient glutamate biocoating can be useful for multifunctional theranostics.

SUBMITTER: Paliienko K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7492693 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature