THR1VE! Positive psychology intervention to treat diabetes distress in teens with type 1 diabetes: Rationale and trial design.
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SUBMITTER: Jaser SS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7494522 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of a positive psychology intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on adherence, glycemic control, and quality of life. METHODS:Adolescents with T1D (n = 120) and their caregivers were randomized to either an Education (EDU) (n = 60) or Positive Affect (PA) intervention (n = 60). Adolescents in the PA group received the intervention reminders (gratitude, self-affirmation, parental affirmation, and small gifts) via text messages or phone calls over 8 weeks. Questionnaires were completed by adolescents and caregivers and clinical data (glucometer and HbA1c) were collected at baseline 3 and 6 months. Data were analyzed using generalized linear modeling. RESULTS:After adjusting for covariates, adolescents in the PA group demonstrated significant improvement in quality of life at 3 months, compared to the EDU group, but this was not sustained at 6 months. Similarly, the PA group showed a significant decrease in disengagement coping at 3 months but not at 6 months. There was no significant intervention effect on blood glucose monitoring, but the odds of clinically significantly improvement (checking at least one more time/day) were about twice as high in the PA group as the EDU group. No significant effects were found for glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS:A positive psychology intervention had initial significant, positive effects on coping and quality of life in adolescents with T1D. A more intensive or longer-lasting intervention may be needed to sustain these effects and to improve adherence and glycemic control.
| S-EPMC6681471 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveDiabetes distress (DD) is a negative emotional response related to the burdens of living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is linked with diabetes outcomes, such as hemoglobin A1c (A1c). Yet, less is known about how other glycemic indicators, average blood glucose and time in range, relate to DD, and which demographic characteristics are associated with higher DD.MethodsIn total, 369 teens (Mage 15.6 ± 1.4, 51% female, MT1D duration 6.7 ± 3.8 years) screened for DD using The Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen Version to determine eligibility for an ongoing multi-site behavioral trial. The associations of DD, demographic factors, and glycemic indicators (A1c, average blood glucose, and time in range) were analyzed.ResultsTwenty-nine percent of teens (n = 95) scored above the clinical cutoff (≥44) for DD. Females scored significantly higher on average than males. Black/African American, non-Hispanic youth screened significantly higher compared to youth from other racial/ethnic groups. Higher DD scores were related to higher A1c and average blood glucose, and lower time in range. Logistic regression models revealed that females were significantly more likely to report clinically elevated DD than males, and teens with higher A1c were 1.3 times more likely to report DD. Age and diabetes duration were not significantly associated with clinically elevated DD scores.ConclusionsResults demonstrated that DD is most prevalent in Black, non-Hispanic and female teens, and DD is associated with higher average blood glucose and lower time in range. Further investigation into these disparities is warranted to promote optimal health outcomes for teens with T1D.
| S-EPMC9801711 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Eighteen million Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) do not follow recommended guidelines for physical activity. Motivational interviewing (MI) has had modest effects on activity and related behaviors in T2D. Positive psychological attributes (e.g., optimism) are associated with superior medical outcomes in T2D, and positive psychology (PP) interventions promote such attributes. There had been no study in T2D of a combined PP-MI intervention to promote well-being and health behavior adherence. We developed a novel, telephone-delivered, 16-week PP-MI intervention and explored its feasibility and impact in T2D patients in a single-arm, proof-of-concept trial. METHOD:Participants completed PP-based exercises and MI-based physical activity goal-setting activities and reviewed these activities weekly with a study trainer for 16 weeks. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed via exercise completion rates and post-exercise ratings of ease/utility (0-10 scales). Impact was explored by examining changes in physical activity (via accelerometers and self-report), other health behaviors, psychological measures, and medical outcomes (e.g., hemoglobin A1c (A1C)) from baseline to 16 weeks, using paired t tests. RESULTS:Twelve participants enrolled, and 10 provided follow-up data. Seventy-eight percent of PP-MI activities were completed, and participants rated the PP-MI content and sessions as easy (mean?=?8.2/10, standard deviation (SD)?=?1.9) and useful (mean?=?9.1/10, SD?=?1.5). PP-MI was associated with improved adherence to health behaviors and overall self-care, variable effects on accelerometer-measured activity and psychological outcomes, and modest beneficial effects on body mass index and A1C. CONCLUSION:Further testing of this intervention is warranted in a larger, controlled trial to assess its effects on important health outcomes.
| S-EPMC6370502 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Problems with adherence are common among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who must follow a complex treatment regimen. Positive psychology interventions increase adherence and improve health outcomes in adults with chronic conditions; however, they have not been translated to pediatric populations. We evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of Check It!, a positive psychology intervention to improve adherence in adolescents with T1D. Adolescents with T1D and their parents were randomized to a positive psychology intervention (via phone or text message) or an attention control (education) group. Exit interviews and satisfaction surveys were conducted with adolescents (n=63) and parents (n=55) to assess the acceptability and feasibility of Check it! from a representative sample of each group. Chi-square, t-tests, ANOVA and content analysis methods were used to analyze data. Parents and adolescents indicated interest in the intervention, and enrollment numbers support feasibility. In terms of intervention delivery, we identified challenges in implementing the positive psychology reminders to adolescents, particularly in the phone group. Parents in the positive psychology group appreciated the reminders to provide affirmations to their children, and adolescents enjoyed the affirmations and reported using the positive psychology exercises. Regarding acceptability, participants in both groups reported high satisfaction with the intervention overall. Participants reported favorable experiences with Check It!, and findings indicate that text messages are more feasible than phone calls for interventions with adolescents. Overall, a positive psychology intervention delivered with automated text messages is feasible and acceptable to adolescents with T1D and their parents.
| S-EPMC6258066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTeens with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience increased sleep disturbances, which have been linked to problems with adherence and glycemic control. As such, sleep represents a novel target to improve outcomes in teens.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a sleep-promoting intervention in teens with T1D.Research design and methodsTeens aged 13 to 17 with T1D (n = 39) completed measures of sleep quality and diabetes management and wore actigraphs to obtain an objective measure of sleep. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was collected from medical records. Teens were randomized to Usual Care (n = 19) or the Sleep Coach intervention (n = 20). Teens in the Sleep Coach group received educational materials on healthy sleep habits and completed three individual telephone sessions. Follow-up data were collected at 3 months, including exit interviews with teens and parents.ResultsFeasibility of the study was excellent; 80% of teens in the Sleep Coach group completed all three sessions, and retention was high (90%). Based on actigraphy data, a significant improvement in sleep efficiency and sleep duration was observed (48-minute increase) among teens randomized to the Sleep Coach intervention, and teens in the control group were 7.5 times more likely to report poor sleep quality after 3 months than intervention participants. No change in HbA1c was observed.ConclusionsThe Sleep Coach intervention for teens with T1D is a feasible and acceptable program that increased sleep duration and improved sleep quality for this high-risk population.
| S-EPMC7670490 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Physical activity is associated with superior health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most T2D patients do not follow physical activity recommendations. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and impact of a novel combined positive psychology-motivational interviewing (PP-MI) intervention to promote physical activity in T2D. METHODS:This controlled clinical trial compared an 8-week, phone-delivered PP-MI intervention to an attention-matched MI-enhanced behavioral counseling condition among 60 participants with T2D and suboptimal moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; <150 min/wk). The primary study outcome was feasibility (proportion of sessions completed) and acceptability (0-10 ease and utility ratings of each session). Secondary outcomes were between-group differences in changes in positive affect (main psychological outcome) and accelerometer-measured physical activity (MVPA and steps per day), using mixed-effects regression models, at 8 and 16 weeks. RESULTS:Ninety-two percent of PP-MI sessions were completed, and mean participant ratings of ease/utility were 8.5 to 8.8/10, surpassing a priori benchmarks for feasibility and acceptability. PP-MI participants had small-medium effect size (ES) difference improvements in positive affect compared with MI (8 weeks: estimated mean difference [EMD] = 3.07 [SE = 1.41], p = .029, ES = 0.44; 16 weeks: EMD = 2.92 [SE = 1.73], p = .092, ES = 0.42). PP-MI participants also had greater improvements in MVPA (8 weeks: EMD = 13.05 min/d [SE = 5.00], p = .009, ES = 1.24; 16 weeks: EMD = 7.96 [SE = 4.53], p = .079, ES = 0.75), with similar improvements in steps per day. CONCLUSIONS:The PP-MI intervention was feasible and well accepted. Next-step efficacy studies can more rigorously explore the intervention's effects on physical activity and clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov Registration No. NCT03150199.
| S-EPMC7676457 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPhysical activity is critical for preventing and treating Type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is important to identify different profiles of physical activity change among those participating in behavioral interventions to optimize intervention-person fit.MethodsThis study analyzes longitudinal trajectories of change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a positive psychology (PP) and motivational interviewing (MI) intervention for T2D, using latent growth curve modeling (LGCM). Objective measures of MVPA were collected using accelerometers at three time points: pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and eight weeks post-intervention. LGCM analyses identified subpopulations of participants who responded similarly to the intervention and examined if sociodemographic, medical and psychosocial characteristics were associated with MVPA trajectories.ResultsAnalyses included 47 participants with complete follow-ups: 49% male, 81% non-Hispanic white, average age 66.1 (SD = 10.1). Overall, 36% of the participants increased MVPA while 57% did not. LGCM identified three profiles with distinct MVPA trajectories. Profile 1 ('Started Low, No Change'; 65.8% of participants) with a starting mean of 4.54 min of MVPA/day and decreased by -3.36 min. Profile 2 ('Moderate-High Start, Minimal Change,' 27.4% of participants) and had a starting mean of 22.86 min/day of MVPA with an average increase of 1.03 min. Profile 3 ('Moderate Start, Ended High'; 6.8% of participants), had a starting mean of 7.33 min MVPA/day, and increased by 28.4 min. Being male, younger, having fewer medical and psychiatric comorbidities were associated with increases in MVPA.ConclusionsThis secondary analysis detected three distinct physical activity profiles during and after a PP-MI intervention. Future interventions can target individuals with characteristics that showed the greatest benefit and add additional supports to people in groups that did not increase physical activity as much. These findings show a need for targeted and sustained behavior change strategies during and after physical activity interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT03001999.
| S-EPMC9359186 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims: Teens with type 1 diabetes (T1D) often struggle with diabetes self-management, which may lead to suboptimal self-care and worsening hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Innovative strategies are needed to improve self-care and protect against glycemic decline, especially during adolescence. We aimed to assess the impact on HbA1c of two interventions, problem-solving and text messaging, in teens with T1D. Methods: In a two-site randomized controlled trial, teens (N = 301) 13-17 years of age with T1D were randomized to one of the four groups using a 2 × 2 factorial design: Teenwork (TW), Text Messaging (Text), TW+Text, or Usual Care. TW intervention included problem-solving aimed at improving T1D self-care for blood glucose (BG) monitoring and insulin bolus dosing. Text intervention involved text reminders to check BG. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from baseline to 12 months. Results: At baseline, teens (51% female, 78% white, 59% pump-treated) were (mean ± SD) 15.0 ± 1.3 years, had diabetes duration of 6.5 ± 3.7 years, and HbA1c 8.5% ± 1.1%. There was no significant difference in HbA1c over time by study group. Responsiveness to text reminders by teens in the TEXT and TW+TEXT predicted glycemic benefit; TW did not. Conclusions: Despite no HbA1c difference by study group, greater response to text message reminders to check BG led to better glycemic control and no deterioration in HbA1c; the problem-solving intervention did not. Given the high penetration of mobile phones and the wide acceptance of text messaging among teens in general, it is encouraging that a text messaging intervention can preserve HbA1c, thus preventing the expected deterioration in glycemic control often seen in teens with T1D.
| S-EPMC7196367 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiabetes distress among adolescents with type 1 diabetes has been associated with suboptimal diabetes outcomes, including lower quality of life, increased diabetes self-management challenges, and suboptimal glycemic outcomes.ObjectiveThis study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a scalable self-led mindfulness-based intervention to reduce diabetes distress in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.MethodsAdolescents (N=25) aged between 14 and 18 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes completed a baseline assessment. Participants were randomized to receive a 10-week self-guided mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook program (e-book or paper option) immediately (n=15) or after a 10-week wait (n=10). During the intervention period, participants completed weekly assignments and feedback surveys. At 10 weeks and 20 weeks, follow-up assessments were completed.ResultsFindings indicated that participants did not find the original intervention feasible or acceptable. Adolescents reported barriers to completing the weekly material, such as that they forgot or that the material was not sufficiently related to their diabetes management. Adolescents also reported that a digital format rather than a workbook or e-book may be more acceptable. Results from weekly surveys provided the foundation for recommendations for future iterations of the mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsParticipant feedback informed recommendations for self-led mindfulness programs for youth with type 1 diabetes. Adolescents indicated that a shorter, digital mindfulness-based intervention focused on diabetes-specific behaviors may be more helpful.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05115175; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05115175.
| S-EPMC10865210 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mental health in schools has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) in secondary schools have been shown to improve mental health outcomes for students. Previous PPIs have tended to be delivered by trained Psychology specialists or have tended to focus on a single aspect of Positive Psychology such as Mindfulness. The current study involved 2 phases. Phase 1 was a pilot PPI, delivered by current university students in Psychology, which educated secondary school students (N = 90) in a variety of Positive Psychology concepts. Phase 2 involved delivering the PPI to secondary school students (N = 1,054). This PPI, the Hummingbird Project, led to improvements in student well-being, as measured by the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The intervention also led to improvements in student resilience, as measured by the Bolton Uni-Stride Scale (BUSS), and hope, as measured by the Children's Hope Scale (CHS). Results are discussed in the context of their implications for the future of psychological intervention in secondary school settings.
| S-EPMC7426523 | biostudies-literature