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Bio-Based, Flexible, and Tough Material Derived from ?-Poly-l-lysine and Fructose via the Maillard Reaction.

ABSTRACT: We report a bio-based, soft, elastic, and tough material prepared from a mixture of ?-poly-l-lysine (?-PL) and d-fructose. The obtained complex was insoluble in water, whereas its ingredients had high water solubility. This complex was likely formed via Schiff base formation and subsequent rearrangement reactions, that is, the Maillard reaction, because the reaction occurred between reducing sugars and cationic polyelectrolytes having primary and secondary amino groups. The progress of the Maillard reaction was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of the complexes were evaluated by tensile testing, and the properties of the optimized complex [?-PL/fructose = 60:40 (w/w), maximum stress = 27.9 MPa, strain at break = 46%, Young's modulus = 741.6 MPa] resembled those of some petroleum-based plastics. Additionally, the ?-PL/fructose complex displayed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis. These ?-PL/fructose complexes have biological properties such as antimicrobial activity, low toxicity toward mammals, and biodegradability, which are attributable to the intrinsic nature of ?-PL, as well as enhanced mechanical properties and water resistance compared with pure ?-PL.

SUBMITTER: Ushimaru K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7495479 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bio-Based, Flexible, and Tough Material Derived from ε-Poly-l-lysine and Fructose via the Maillard Reaction.

Ushimaru Kazunori K Morita Tomotake T Fukuoka Tokuma T

ACS omega 20200831 36

We report a bio-based, soft, elastic, and tough material prepared from a mixture of ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and d-fructose. The obtained complex was insoluble in water, whereas its ingredients had high water solubility. This complex was likely formed via Schiff base formation and subsequent rearrangement reactions, that is, the Maillard reaction, because the reaction occurred between reducing sugars and cationic polyelectrolytes having primary and secondary amino groups. The progress of the Maill ...[more]

PMID: 32954127

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Project description:Glucose-lysine based Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are introduced to the human body via food ingestion or are synthesized in vivo. Depending on reaction conditions, they represent a mixture of compounds with diverse chemical structures and physiological properties. MRPs may also be a potential nutrient source for Salmonella, a major foodborne gastrointestinal pathogen. This study was designed to determine the growth and transcriptional responses of S. Typhimurium LT2 to MRPs generated at low water activity to simulate the reaction occurring during food processing and storage. Maillard reactions between N-α-acetyl-lysine and glucose were varied in time (4, 23, and 143 h) to generate sub-samples with prevailing Amadori compound, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), or melanoidines respectively. The addition of MRP up to 5 mg mL-1 to defined media with 0.4% glucose had no effect on S. Typhimurium LT2 growth. In media, where the MRP sub-samples (4 and 23 h) served as the only carbon source, MRP assimilation by S. Typhimurium LT2 was observed as secondary logarithmic growth phases (0.063 h-1 and 0.072 h-1) after the growth on glucose available in the MRP reaction mixtures (0.479 h-1). The MRPs sub-sample with the highest concentration of melanoidines (143 h) also supported S. Typhimurium LT2 growth (0.368 h-1). Of the three MRPs sub-samples, the Amadori compound was the preferred carbon source for S. Typhimurium LT2 as evidenced by its almost complete disappearance (98%). Decreases in AGEs (37%) and melanoidines (15%), when incubated with S. Typhimurium LT2, also occurred. Transcription profiles of the cells grown on the MRPs fractions revealed predominant up-regulation of genes associated with the functional groups of energy metabolism, fatty and phospholipid metabolism, cellular process, and regulatory functions, and general down-regulation of the genes in the groups of amino acid biosynthesis, protein synthesis and transcription, transport and binding proteins, and DNA metabolism. The carbon flow in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle partitioned by the glyoxylate cycle appeared to play an essential role in the assimilation of glucose-lysine-derived MRPs. The high expression level of numerous genes encoding hypothetical proteins or proteins with unknown function suggested the presence of genes whose role in glucose-lysine MRPs catabolism in Salmonella remains to be determined.

Dataset Information

Bio-Based, Flexible, and Tough Material Derived from ?-Poly-l-lysine and Fructose via the Maillard Reaction.

Publications

Bio-Based, Flexible, and Tough Material Derived from ε-Poly-l-lysine and Fructose via the Maillard Reaction.

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