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In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium sudanense Causing Seedling Blight and Seed Rot on Wheat.

ABSTRACT: Fusarium sudanense is a novel fungus recently isolated from asymptomatic samples of wheat grains in Argentina. The fungus caused symptoms of seedling blight and seed rot on wheat after artificial inoculations. It is known that the production of mycotoxins by pathogens belonging to the Fusarium genus is harmful to human and animal health. Moreover, the warm and humid conditions that are favorable for growth and mycotoxin production of these species put the Argentinian wheat production area at a high risk of mycotoxin contamination with this novel pathogen. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum against F. sudanense under in vitro tests at different environmental conditions. Fungi were screened in dual culture at different water activities (?w) (0.995, 0.98, 0.95, and 0.90) and temperatures (25 and 15 °C). The growth rate of the fungi, interaction types, and dominance index were evaluated. Also, the interaction between T. harzianum and F. sudanense was examined by light and cryo-scanning microscopy. T. harzianum suppressed the growth of F. sudanense at 0.995, 0.98, and 0.95 ?w at 25 °C and 0.995 and 0.98 ?w at 15 °C. Macroscopic study revealed different interaction types between F. sudanense and T. harzianum on dual culture. Dominance on contact where the colonies of T. harzianum overgrew the pathogen was the most common interaction type determined. The competitive capacity of T. harzianum was diminished by decreasing the temperature and ?w. At 0.95 ?w and 15 °C, both fungi grew slowly, and interaction type "A" was assigned. Microscopic analysis from the interaction zone of dual cultures revealed an attachment of T. harzianum to the F. sudanense hyphae, penetration with or without formation of appressorium-like structures, coiling, plasmolysis, and a veil formation. According to our results, T. harzianum demonstrated capability to antagonize F. sudanense and could be a promising biocontrol agent.

SUBMITTER: Larran S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7495787 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium sudanense Causing Seedling Blight and Seed Rot on Wheat.

Larran Silvina S Santamarina Siurana M Pilar MP Roselló Caselles Josefa J Simón María Rosa MR Perelló Analía A

ACS omega 20200831 36

Fusarium sudanense is a novel fungus recently isolated from asymptomatic samples of wheat grains in Argentina. The fungus caused symptoms of seedling blight and seed rot on wheat after artificial inoculations. It is known that the production of mycotoxins by pathogens belonging to the Fusarium genus is harmful to human and animal health. Moreover, the warm and humid conditions that are favorable for growth and mycotoxin production of these species put the Argentinian wheat producti ...[more]

PMID: 32954178

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Project description:Beneficial microorganisms, including members of the Trichoderma genus, are known for their ability to promote plant growth and disease resistance, as well as being alternatives to synthetic inputs in agriculture. In this study, 111 Trichoderma strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Florence Aurore, an ancient wheat variety that was cultivated in an organic farming system in Tunisia. A preliminary ITS analysis allowed us to cluster these 111 isolates into three main groups, T. harzianum (74 isolates), T. lixii (16 isolates) and T. sp. (21 isolates), represented by six different species. Their multi-locus analysis (tef1, translation elongation factor 1; rpb2, RNA polymerase B) identified three T. afroharzianum, one T. lixii, one T. atrobrunneum and one T. lentinulae species. These six new strains were selected to determine their suitability as plant growth promoters (PGP) and biocontrol agents (BCA) against Fusarium seedling blight disease (FSB) in wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum. All of the strains exhibited PGP abilities correlated to ammonia and indole-like compound production. In terms of biocontrol activity, all of the strains inhibited the development of F. culmorum in vitro, which is linked to the production of lytic enzymes, as well as diffusible and volatile organic compounds. An in planta assay was carried out on the seeds of a Tunisian modern wheat variety (Khiar) by coating them with Trichoderma. A significant increase in biomass was observed, which is associated with increased chlorophyll and nitrogen. An FSB bioprotective effect was confirmed for all strains (with Th01 being the most effective) by suppressing morbid symptoms in germinated seeds and seedlings, as well as by limiting F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall plant growth. Plant transcriptome analysis revealed that the isolates triggered several SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genes involved in F. culmorum resistance in the roots and leaves of three-week-old seedlings. This finding makes these strains very promising in promoting growth and controlling FSB disease in modern wheat varieties.

Project description:IntroductionFusarium avenaceum causing Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) on barley is associated with economic losses of crop yield and quality, and the accumulation of mycotoxins including the enniatins (ENNs) A, A1, B and B1. Although F. avenaceum is the main producer of ENNs, studies on the ability of isolates to cause severe Fusarium diseases or produce mycotoxins in barley are limited.MethodsIn this work, we investigated the aggressiveness of nine isolates of F. avenaceum to two cultivars of malting barley, Moonshine and Quench, and defined their ENN mycotoxin profiles in in vitro and in planta experiments. We assessed and compared the severity of FSB and FHB caused by these isolates to disease severity by F. graminearum, F. tricinctum and F. poae. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry assays were used to quantify pathogen DNA and mycotoxin accumulation, respectively, in barley heads.ResultsIsolates of F. avenaceum were equally aggressive to barley stems and heads and caused the most severe FSB symptoms resulting in up to 55% reductions of stem and root length. Fusarium graminearum caused the most severe FHB disease, followed by the isolates of F. avenaceum with the most aggressive F. avenaceum isolates capable of causing similar bleaching of barley heads as F. avenaceum. Fusarium avenaceum isolates produced ENN B as the predominant mycotoxin, followed by ENN B1 and A1 in vitro. However, only the most aggressive isolates produced ENN A1 in planta and none produced ENN A or beauvericin (BEA) either in planta or in vitro.DiscussionThe capacity of F. avenaceum isolates to produce ENNs was related to the accumulation of pathogen DNA in barley heads, whilst FHB severity was related to the synthesis and accumulation of ENN A1 in planta. Cv. Moonshine was significantly more resistant than Quench to FSB or FHB, caused by any Fusarium isolate, and to the accumulation of pathogen DNA, ENNs or BEA. In conclusion, aggressive F. avenaceum isolates are potent ENN producers causing severe FSB and FHB with ENN A1 requiring further investigation as potential virulence factor for F. avenaceum in cereals.

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Dataset Information

In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium sudanense Causing Seedling Blight and Seed Rot on Wheat.

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<i>In Vitro</i> Antagonistic Activity of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> against <i>Fusarium sudanense</i> Causing Seedling Blight and Seed Rot on Wheat.

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