Dataset Information

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements.

ABSTRACT: Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.

SUBMITTER: Noonan MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7496598 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements.

Noonan Michael J MJ Fleming Christen H CH Tucker Marlee A MA Kays Roland R Harrison Autumn-Lynn AL Crofoot Margaret C MC Abrahms Briana B Alberts Susan C SC Ali Abdullahi H AH Altmann Jeanne J Antunes Pamela Castro PC Attias Nina N Belant Jerrold L JL Beyer Dean E DE Bidner Laura R LR Blaum Niels N Boone Randall B RB Caillaud Damien D de Paula Rogerio Cunha RC de la Torre J Antonio JA Dekker Jasja J DePerno Christopher S CS Farhadinia Mohammad M Fennessy Julian J Fichtel Claudia C Fischer Christina C Ford Adam A Goheen Jacob R JR Havmøller Rasmus W RW Hirsch Ben T BT Hurtado Cindy C Isbell Lynne A LA Janssen René R Jeltsch Florian F Kaczensky Petra P Kaneko Yayoi Y Kappeler Peter P Katna Anjan A Kauffman Matthew M Koch Flavia F Kulkarni Abhijeet A LaPoint Scott S Leimgruber Peter P Macdonald David W DW Markham A Catherine AC McMahon Laura L Mertes Katherine K Moorman Christopher E CE Morato Ronaldo G RG Moßbrucker Alexander M AM Mourão Guilherme G O'Connor David D Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo R LGR Pastorini Jennifer J Patterson Bruce D BD Rachlow Janet J Ranglack Dustin H DH Reid Neil N Scantlebury David M DM Scott Dawn M DM Selva Nuria N Sergiel Agnieszka A Songer Melissa M Songsasen Nucharin N Stabach Jared A JA Stacy-Dawes Jenna J Swingen Morgan B MB Thompson Jeffrey J JJ Ullmann Wiebke W Vanak Abi Tamim AT Thaker Maria M Wilson John W JW Yamazaki Koji K Yarnell Richard W RW Zieba Filip F Zwijacz-Kozica Tomasz T Fagan William F WF Mueller Thomas T Calabrese Justin M JM

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology 20200618 4

Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To eval ...[more]

PMID: 32362060

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Project description:Measurements of skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (SMA) at the level of the third lumbar (L3) vertebra derived from clinical computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used in assessments of sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with aging. As SMA is correlated with height and Body Mass Index (BMI), body size adjustment is necessary to fairly assess sarcopenic low muscle mass in individuals of different height and BMI. The skeletal muscle index, a widely used measure, adjusts for height as [Formula: see text] but uses no BMI adjustment. There is no agreed upon standard for body size adjustment. We extracted L3 SMA using non-contrast-enhanced CT scans from healthy adults, split into 'Under-40' and 'Over-40' cohorts. Sex-specific allometric analysis showed that height to the power of one was the optimal integer coefficient for height adjusted SMA in both males and females. We computed two height-adjusted measures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], comparing their Pearson correlations versus age, height, weight, and BMI separately by sex and cohort. Finally, in the 'Under-40' cohort, we used linear regression to convert each height-adjusted measure into a z-score ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) adjusted for BMI. [Formula: see text] was less correlated with height in both males and females ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) than [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). [Formula: see text] was uncorrelated with BMI and weight, and minimally correlated with height in males and females ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The final [Formula: see text] equation was: [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and sex = 1 if male, 0 if female. We propose [Formula: see text] for optimal height adjustment and the [Formula: see text] score for optimal height and BMI adjustment. By minimizing correlations with height and BMI, the [Formula: see text] score produces unbiased assessments of relative L3 skeletal muscle area across the full range of body sizes.

Dataset Information

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements.

Publications

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements.

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