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Rapid Organocatalytic Formation of Carbon Monoxide: Application towards Carbonylative Cross Couplings.

ABSTRACT: Herein, the first organocatalytic method for the transformation of non-derivatized formic acid into carbon monoxide (CO) is introduced. Formylpyrrolidine (FPyr) and trichlorotriazine (TCT), which is a cost-efficient commodity chemical, enable this decarbonylation. Utilization of dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and catalyst even allows for a rapid CO generation at room temperature. Application towards four different carbonylative cross coupling protocols demonstrates the high synthetic utility and versatility of the new approach. Remarkably, this also comprehends a carbonylative Sonogashira reaction at room temperature employing intrinsically difficult electron-deficient aryl iodides. Commercial 13 C-enriched formic acid facilitates the production of radiolabeled compounds as exemplified by the pharmaceutical Moclobemide. Finally, comparative experiments verified that the present method is highly superior to other protocols for the activation of carboxylic acids.

SUBMITTER: Zoller B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7497008 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rapid Organocatalytic Formation of Carbon Monoxide: Application towards Carbonylative Cross Couplings.

Zoller Ben B Zapp Josef J Huy Peter H PH

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 20200709 43

Herein, the first organocatalytic method for the transformation of non-derivatized formic acid into carbon monoxide (CO) is introduced. Formylpyrrolidine (FPyr) and trichlorotriazine (TCT), which is a cost-efficient commodity chemical, enable this decarbonylation. Utilization of dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and catalyst even allows for a rapid CO generation at room temperature. Application towards four different carbonylative cross coupling protocols demonstrates the high synthetic utility ...[more]

PMID: 32516509

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Project description:Carbon monoxide (CO) is not only known as a toxic gas due to its characteristics as an odorless molecule and its rapid binding to haem-containing molecules, thus inhibiting the respiratory chain in cells resulting in hypoxia. For decades, scientists established evidence about its endogenously production in the breakdown of haem via haem-oxygenase (HO-1) and its physiological effects. Among these, the modulation of various systems inside the body are well described (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative). Carbon monoxide is able to modulate several extra- and intra-cellular signaling molecules leading to differentiated response according to the specific stimulus. With our growing understanding in the way CO exerts its effects, especially in the mitochondria and its intracellular pathways, it is tempting to speculate about a clinical application of this substance. Since HO-1 is not easy to induce, research focused on the application of the gaseous molecule CO by itself or the implementation of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CO-RM) to deliver the molecule at a time- and dose dependently safe way to any target organ. After years of research in cellular systems and animal models, summing up data about safety issues as well as possible target to treat in various diseases, the first feasibility trials in humans were established. Up-to-date, safety issues have been cleared for low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation (up to 500 ppm), while there is no clinical data regarding the injection or intake of any kind of CO-RM so far. Current models of human research include sepsis, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as acute kidney injury. Carbon monoxide is a most promising candidate in terms of a therapeutic agent to improve outbalanced organ conditions. In this paper, we summarized the current understanding of carbon monoxide's biology and its possible organ targets to treating the critically ill patients in tomorrow's ICU.

Dataset Information

Rapid Organocatalytic Formation of Carbon Monoxide: Application towards Carbonylative Cross Couplings.

Publications

Rapid Organocatalytic Formation of Carbon Monoxide: Application towards Carbonylative Cross Couplings.

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