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Geriatric Screening, Triage Urgency, and 30-Day Mortality in Older Emergency Department Patients.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Urgency triage in the emergency department (ED) is important for early identification of potentially lethal conditions and extensive resource utilization. However, in older patients, urgency triage systems could be improved by taking geriatric vulnerability into account. We investigated the association of geriatric vulnerability screening in addition to triage urgency levels with 30-day mortality in older ED patients. DESIGN:Secondary analysis of the observational multicenter Acutely Presenting Older Patient (APOP) study. SETTING:EDs within four Dutch hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:Consecutive patients, aged 70?years or older, who were prospectively included. MEASUREMENTS:Patients were triaged using the Manchester Triage System (MTS). In addition, the APOP screener was used as a geriatric screening tool. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Comparison was made between mortality within the geriatric high- and low-risk screened patients in every urgency triage category. We calculated the difference in explained variance of mortality by adding the geriatric screener (APOP) to triage urgency (MTS) by calculating Nagelkerke R2 . RESULTS:We included 2,608 patients with a median age of 79 (interquartile range = 74-84) years, of whom 521 (20.0%) patients were categorized as high risk according to geriatric screening. Patients were triaged on urgency as standard (27.2%), urgent (58.5%), and very urgent (14.3%). In total, 132 (5.1%) patients were deceased within a period of 30?days. Within every urgency triage category, 30-day mortality was threefold higher in geriatric high-risk compared to low-risk patients (overall = 11.7% vs 3.4%; P

SUBMITTER: Blomaard LC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7497167 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Geriatric Screening, Triage Urgency, and 30-Day Mortality in Older Emergency Department Patients.

Blomaard Laura C LC Speksnijder Corianne C Lucke Jacinta A JA de Gelder Jelle J Anten Sander S Schuit Stephanie C E SCE Steyerberg Ewout W EW Gussekloo Jacobijn J de Groot Bas B Mooijaart Simon P SP

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 20200404 8

<h4>Background</h4>Urgency triage in the emergency department (ED) is important for early identification of potentially lethal conditions and extensive resource utilization. However, in older patients, urgency triage systems could be improved by taking geriatric vulnerability into account. We investigated the association of geriatric vulnerability screening in addition to triage urgency levels with 30-day mortality in older ED patients.<h4>Design</h4>Secondary analysis of the observational multi ...[more]

PMID: 32246476

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Project description:BackgroundThe number of older adults with a high risk of frailty and severe illness continues to increase. Moreover, physiological change and multiple comorbidities are challenging to triage in geriatrics. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate variables to predict 28-day mortality and develop a screening tool to predict mortality and lifesaving intervention among geriatric patients in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis study was a retrospective, single-center, observational study at the ED of Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok. Patients aged ≥ 65 years who visited the ED between January 2018 and December 2019 were enrolled. In the development cohort, univariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of 28-day mortality in older patients. A predictive model for mortality and the need for lifesaving intervention was developed by multivariable logistic regression. In addition, the score was validated with internal validation and compared between development and validation set by chi-square.ResultsWe enrolled 1393 patients. In the development cohort, among these 1002 patients, 103 (10.3%) of whom died within 28 days. Malignancy, shock index (SI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 100 mmHg, and altered mentation were independent risk factors of 28-day mortality. We developed new screening tools named the S-TRIAGE score, which has the respiratory rate (< 11, > 22 breaths/min), the ratio of pulse oximetric saturation to the fraction of inspired oxygen (< 420, 420-450), SI (> 1, 0.6-0.99), SBP < 100 mmHg, body temperature (< 36, > 37.5 °C), and mental change. The area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the S-TRIAGE score in the validation cohort was 0.826 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.773-0.879] in predicting mortality and lifesaving intervention, and the clinical score classified patients into five groups.ConclusionThis study showed malignancy, hypotension, increased SI, and mental status change were predictive factors for 28-day mortality in older adults in the ED. The screening tool risk score for geriatrics used in this study is potentially a good predictor of mortality and lifesaving intervention in high-risk older patients in the ED.

Project description:ObjectivesPublished literature on national emergency department (ED) revisit rates among older adults with dementia is sparse, despite anecdotal evidence of higher ED utilization. Thus we evaluated the odds ratio (OR) of 30-day ED revisits among older adults with dementia using a nationally representative sample.DesignWe assessed the frequency of claims associated with a 30-day ED revisit among Medicare beneficiaries with and without a dementia diagnosis before or at index ED visit. We used a logistic regression model controlling for dementia, age, sex, race, region, Medicaid status, transfer to a skilled nursing facility after ED, primary care physician use 12 months before index, and comorbidity.SettingA nationally representative sample of claims data for Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older who maintained continuous fee-for-service enrollment during 2015 and 2016. Only outpatient claims associated with an ED visit between January 2016 and November 2016 were included as a qualifying index encounter.ParticipantsWe identified 240 249 patients without dementia and 54 622 patients for whom a dementia code was recorded in the year before the index encounter in 2016.ResultsOur results indicate a significant difference in unadjusted 30-day ED revisit rates among those with an ED dementia diagnoses (22.0%) compared with those without (13.9%). Our adjusted results indicated that dementia is a significant predictor of 30-day ED revisits (P < .0001). Those with a dementia diagnosis at or before the index ED visit were more likely to have experienced an ED revisit within 30 days (OR = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.24-1.31).ConclusionDementia diagnoses were a significant predictor of 30-day ED revisits. Further research should assess potential reasons why dementia is associated with markedly higher revisit rates, as well as opportunities to manage and transition dementia patients from the ED back to the community more effectively. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2254-2259, 2019.

Project description:PURPOSE:Sepsis is a common acute life-threatening condition that emergency physicians routinely face. Diagnostic options within the Emergency Department (ED) are limited due to lack of infrastructure, consequently limiting the use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring or imaging tests. The mortality rate due to sepsis can be assessed via multiple scoring systems, for example, mortality in emergency department sepsis (MEDS) score and sepsis patient evaluation in the emergency department (SPEED) score, both of which quantify the variation of mortality rates according to clinical findings, laboratory data, or therapeutic interventions. This study aims to improve the management processes of sepsis patients by comparing SPEED score and MEDS score for predicting the 28-day mortality in cases of emergency sepsis. METHODS:The study is a cross-sectional, prospective study including 61 sepsis patients in ED in Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt, from August 2017 to June 2018. Patients were selected by two steps: (1) suspected septic patients presenting with at least one of the following abnormal clinical findings: (a) body temperature higher than 38 °C or lower than 36 °C, (b) heart rate higher than 90 beats/min, (c) hyperventilation evidenced by respiratory rate higher than 20 breaths/min or PaCO2 lower than 32 mmHg, and (d) white blood cell count higher than 12,000/?L or lower than 4000/?L; (2) confirmed septic patients with at least a 2-point increase from the baseline total sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score following infection. Other inclusion criteria included adult patients with an age ?18 years regardless of gender and those who had either systemic inflammatory response syndrome or suspected/confirmed infection. Patients were shortly follow-up for the 28-day mortality. Each patient was subject to SPEED score and MEDS score and then the results were compared to detect which of them was more effective in predicting outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curves were also done for MEDS and SPEED scores. RESULTS:Among the 61 patients, 41 died with the mortality rate of 67.2%. The mortality rate increased with a higher SPEED and MEDS scores. Both SPEED and MEDS scores revealed significant difference between the survivors and nonsurvivors (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), indicating that both the two systems are effective in predicting the 28-day mortality of sepsis patients. Thereafter, the receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, which showed that SPEED was better than the MEDS score when applied to the complete study population with an area under the curve being 0.87 (0.788-0.963) as compared with 0.75 (0.634-0.876) for MEDS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the best fitting predictor of 28-day mortality for sepsis patients was the SPEED scoring system. For every one unit increase in SPEED score, the odds of 28-day mortality increased by 37%. CONCLUSION:SPEED score is more useful and accurate than MEDS score in predicting the 28-day mortality among sepsis patients. Therefore SPEED rather than MEDS should be more widely used in the ED for sepsis patients.

Project description:ImportanceTrauma of hospitalization refers to the depersonalizing and stressful experience of a hospital admission and is hypothesized to increase the risk of readmission after discharge.ObjectivesTo characterize the trauma of hospitalization by measuring patient-reported disturbances in sleep, mobility, nutrition, and mood among medical inpatients, and to examine the association between these disturbances and the risk of unplanned return to hospital after discharge.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective cohort study enrolled participants between September 1, 2016, and September 1, 2017, at 2 academic hospitals in Toronto, Canada. Participants were adults admitted to the internal medicine ward for more than 48 hours. Participants were interviewed before discharge using a standardized questionnaire to assess sleep, mobility, nutrition, and mood. Responses for each domain were dichotomized as disturbance or no disturbance. Disturbance in 3 or 4 domains (the upper tertile) was considered high trauma of hospitalization, and disturbance in 0 to 2 domains (the lower 2 tertiles) was considered low trauma.Main outcome and measuresThe primary outcome was readmission or emergency department visit within 30 days of discharge. The association between trauma of hospitalization and the primary outcome was examined using logistic regression, adjusted for age; sex; length of stay; Charlson Comorbidity Index Score; Laboratory-Based Acute Physiology Score; and baseline disturbances in sleep, mobility, nutrition, and mood.ResultsA total of 207 patients participated, of whom 82 (39.6%) were women and 125 (60.4%) were men, with a mean (SD) age of 60.3 (16.8) years. Among the 207 participants, 75 (36.2%) reported sleep disturbance, 162 (78.3%) reported mobility disturbance, 114 (55.1%) reported nutrition disturbance, and 48 (23.2%) reported mood disturbance. Nearly all participants (192 [92.8%]) described a disturbance in at least 1 domain, and 61 participants (29.5%) had high trauma exposure. A statistically significant 15.8% greater absolute risk of readmission or emergency department visit was found in participants with high trauma (37.7%; 95% CI, 25.9%-51.1%) compared with those with low trauma (21.9%; 95% CI, 15.7%-29.7%), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for baseline characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.24-5.17; P = .01) and propensity score matching (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.11-5.73; P = .03).Conclusions and relevanceDisturbances in sleep, mobility, nutrition, and mood were common in medical inpatients; such trauma of hospitalization may be associated with a greater risk of 30-day readmission or emergency department visit after hospital discharge.

Project description:BackgroundHypertension (HTN) is common in discharged emergency department (ED) patients, yet the short-term outcomes of treating HTN at ED discharge are unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether emergency physician (EP) prescription of oral antihypertensive therapy at ED discharge for hypertensive patients is associated with a decreased 30-day risk of the severe adverse events (AEs), death, and revisits to the ED.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study assessing the 30-day outcomes of discharged ED patients with HTN, comparing outcomes based on whether antihypertensive therapy was prescribed. All discharged adult ED patients from an eight-hospital system with a diagnosis of HTN from January 2016 to February 2020 were screened, and consisted of a mix of suburban and urban patients with broad ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Patients were categorized into the treatment group if they received a prescription for antihypertensive medication at ED discharge. The primary outcome was severe composite AEs from HTN (aortic catastrophe, heart failure, myocardial infarction, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, or hypertensive encephalopathy) within 30 days of ED discharge. The secondary outcomes were death or ED revisit over the same period.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 93,512 ED visits; 57.5% were female, and mean age was 59.3 years. 4.7% of patients were prescribed antihypertensive treatment at ED discharge. Within 30 days, 0.7% of patients experienced an AE, 0.1% died, and 15.2% had an ED revisit. The treatment group had significantly lower odds of AE (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.224, 95%CI 0.106-0.416, p < 0.001), and ED revisits (aOR: 0.610, 95%CI 0.547-0.678, p < 0.001), adjusting for age, race, degree of HTN, ED treatment for elevated HTN, Elixhauser comorbidity index, and heart failure history. There was no difference in odds of death 30 days after discharge.Conclusion and relevancePrescription antihypertensive therapy for discharged ED patients is associated with a 30-day decrease in severe adverse events and ED revisit rate.

Dataset Information

Geriatric Screening, Triage Urgency, and 30-Day Mortality in Older Emergency Department Patients.

Publications

Geriatric Screening, Triage Urgency, and 30-Day Mortality in Older Emergency Department Patients.

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