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Motivational processes in physical education and objectively measured physical activity among adolescents.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the present study tested how students' perceptions of autonomy support from physical education teachers predicts objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of adolescents. According to SDT, it was expected that psychological needs and autonomous and controlled forms of motivation would mediate these relationships. METHODS:Students (n?=?397) aged from 11 to 15 years in 17 different schools filled in questionnaires regarding SDT variables. In addition, objective MVPA was measured using an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X; ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) for 7 days. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the study variables. RESULTS:The theory-based model showed a good fit with the data: ?2?=?642.464, df?=?257; comparative fit index?=?0.932; non-normed fit index?=?0.921; root mean square error of approximation?=?0.062; root mean square error of approximation 90% confidence interval: 0.054-0.067. As hypothesized, there was a significant and positive direct relationship between autonomy support and need satisfaction (??=?0.81, p?=?0.001). In turn, need satisfaction positively predicted intrinsic motivation (??=?0.86, p?=?0.001). Intrinsic motivation was positively related to MVPA (??=?0.29, p?=?0.009). A significant indirect effect (??=?0.20, p?=?0.004) supported the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation in the relationship between perceived autonomy support and objectively measured MVPA. CONCLUSION:The findings of the current study support the applicability of the SDT-based model in explaining the antecedents of objectively measured MVPA of adolescents. To enhance adolescents' daily MVPA, special focus should be put on increasing their intrinsic motivation toward physical education.

SUBMITTER: Kalajas-Tilga H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7498624 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Motivational processes in physical education and objectively measured physical activity among adolescents.

Kalajas-Tilga Hanna H Koka Andre A Hein Vello V Tilga Henri H Raudsepp Lennart L

Journal of sport and health science 20190608 5

<h4>Purpose</h4>Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the present study tested how students' perceptions of autonomy support from physical education teachers predicts objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of adolescents. According to SDT, it was expected that psychological needs and autonomous and controlled forms of motivation would mediate these relationships.<h4>Methods</h4>Students (n = 397) aged from 11 to 15 years in 17 different schools filled in questi ...[more]

PMID: 32928449

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Project description:BackgroundMental health among young people in many countries, including Norway, seems to be deteriorating. Physical activity (PA) has been positively associated with mental health. However, methodological issues related to study design and measurement of PA and mental health outcomes currently limits our understanding of the relationship. The purpose of the present study is to explore the prospective relationship between objectively measured PA and mental health outcomes. More specifically, volume (total PA), intensity (moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and sedentary behaviour (SED) were explored in relation to mental health problems (MHP) and mental wellbeing (MWB).MethodsData from 599 adolescents (54.4% female, mean age at baseline ±SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were collected annually during their 3 years (T1, T2 and T3) at lower secondary school. PA was measured using accelerometry. MWB was measured using the 'Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale' and MHP by the 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire'. Multiple linear regression was performed to explore relationships between changes in PA/SED (between T1-T3) and MWB/MHP (at T3). The term 'movement categories' was used to refer to components on the movement continuum and includes volume (total PA), intensity (MVPA) and SED.ResultsAmong boys, any increase in SED was positively associated with MWB (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10), whereas a small positive association between an increase in total PA (volume) and MWB was found among girls (β = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.05 to 2.21). There were no associations between changes in any movement categories [total PA (volume), MVPA, SED] and score on MHP at T3, neither for girls nor boys.ConclusionThis study provided no clear evidence of any association between change in volume or intensity of PA and MHP among an overall healthy adolescent study sample. There was, however, evidence of a relationship between increased SED and MWB among boys and increased volume of PA and MWB among girls. The relationship between movement categories and mental health may depend on the measurement used to assess both PA/SED and variables of mental health. Future research would be strengthened by researchers clarifying what construct of mental health is being used and measured.

Project description:BackgroundPhysical activity is associated with a variety of health benefits, but the biological mechanisms that explain these associations remain unclear. Metabolomics is a powerful tool to comprehensively evaluate global metabolic signature associated with physical activity and helps to pinpoint the pathways that mediate the health effects of physical activity. There has been limited research on metabolomics and habitual physical activity, and no metabolomics study has examined sedentary behaviour and physical activity of different intensities.MethodsIn a group of Chinese adults (N = 277), we used an untargeted approach to examine 328 plasma metabolites in relation to accelerometer-measured physical activity, including overall volume of physical activity (physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and duration of physically active time) and sedentary time, and measures related to different intensities of physical activity (moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), light activity, average physical activity intensity).ResultsWe identified 11 metabolites that were associated with total activity, with a false discovery rate of 0.2 or lower. Notably, we observed generally lower levels of amino acids in the valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism pathway and of carbohydrates in sugar metabolism among participants with higher activity levels. Moreover, we found that PAEE, time spent in light activity and duration of physically active time were associated with a similar metabolic pattern, whereas the metabolic signature associated with sedentary time mirrored this pattern. In contrast, average activity intensity and time spent in MVPA appeared to be associated with somewhat different metabolic patterns.ConclusionsOverall, the metabolomics patterns support a beneficial role of higher volume of physical activity in cardiometabolic health. Our findings identified candidate pathways and provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the health effects of physical activity.

Project description:PurposeEmerging evidence suggests physical activity (PA) is associated with cognitive function. To overcome limitations of self-report PA measures, this study investigated the association of accelerometer-measured PA with incident cognitive impairment and longitudinal cognition among older adults.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the cohort study Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke in the United States. Accelerometers provided PA measures, including the percentage of total accelerometer wearing time spent in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA%), light-intensity PA, and sedentary time for four to seven consecutive days at baseline. Cognitive impairment was defined by the Six-Item Screener. Letter fluency, animal fluency, word list learning, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (orientation and recall) were conducted to assess executive function and memory.ResultsParticipants (N = 6452, 69.7 ± 8.5 yr, 55.3% women, 30.5% Black) with usable accelerometer and cognition measures spent extremely limited time in MVPA (1.5% ± 1.9% of accelerometer wearing time). During an average of 3 yr of follow-up, 346 cases of incident cognitive impairment were observed. After adjustments, participants in higher MVPA% quartiles had a lower risk of cognitive impairment (i.e., quartile 2: odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.48-0.84) and better maintenance in executive function (≥0.03 z-score units) and memory (≥0.12 z-score units) compared with quartile 1 (P < 0.05). Stratified analyses showed the same association among White adults, but higher MVPA% was associated with better maintenance of only memory among Black adults. No significance was found for light-intensity PA or sedentary time.ConclusionThere was a dose-response relationship between MVPA% and cognitive function in older adults, with higher levels associated with a 36% or lower risk of cognitive impairment and better maintenance of memory and executive function over time, particularly in White adults.

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Motivational processes in physical education and objectively measured physical activity among adolescents.

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Motivational processes in physical education and objectively measured physical activity among adolescents.

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