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Baby steps: the gender division of childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT: Abstract The nature and scale of the shocks to the demand for, and the supply of, home childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic provide a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of the division of home labour and the determinants of specialization within the household. We collected real-time data on daily lives to document the impact of measures to control COVID-19 on UK families with children under the age of 12. We document that these families have been doing the equivalent of a working week in childcare, with mothers bearing most of the burden. The additional hours of childcare done by women are less sensitive to their employment than they are for men, leaving many women juggling work and (a lot more) childcare, with likely adverse effects on their mental health and future careers. However, some households, those in which men have not been working, have taken greater steps towards an equal allocation, offering the prospect of sharing the burden of childcare more equally in the future.

SUBMITTER: Sevilla A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7499756 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:This study examine the psychological distress experience of Nigerians during the COVID-19 pandemic, across gender. From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Gender had an insignificant difference in the level of insomnia (χ2 = 04.93; df = 3; p > 0.05), however, 20.8% of males had sub-threshold of insomnia, 8.2% experienced moderate insomnia and 5.9% had severe insomnia; 32% females reported sub-threshold of insomnia, 12.4% had moderate insomnia while 3.6% had severe insomnia. Also, gender had an insignificant difference in the measures of depression (χ2 = 01.94; df = 4; p > 0.05); 55.4% males reported minimal depression, 22.3% had mild depression, 11.9% had moderate depression; 6.7%-3.7% males had moderate to severe depression while, 49.3% of the females had minimal depression, 26.7% reported mild depression, 14.29% had moderate depression, 4.4%-5.3% had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) has no gender difference among respondents (χ2 = 02.51; df = 3; p > 0.05); 23% of males reported partial PTSS, 17.5% presented clinical PTSS, and 21.6% males had severe PTSS; while 29.3% of females had severe PTSS, 24% reported partial PTSS and 18.7% had clinical PTSS. Respondents reported insignificant gender differences on anxiety (χ2 = 0.08; df = 1; p > 0.05), while 51% reported moderate anxiety and 49% exhibited severe anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Findings revealed that Nigerians experienced psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. The government and stakeholders should initiate tele-mental health services to serve as alternative to traditional treatment to manage present and future pandemic psychological implications among Nigerians.

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Baby steps: the gender division of childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic

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