Assessment of High School Students' Participation in Blood Donation and Registration as an Organ Donor.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tat J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7501534 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Assessment of High School Students' Participation in Blood Donation and Registration as an Organ Donor.
Tat John J Hays Barton B Teachworth Martin M Kuo Alexander A Pilz Renate B RB Golomb Beatrice A BA Boss Gerry R GR
JAMA network open 20200901 9
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Project description:PurposeHealthcare professionals play an important role in the organ donation process. The aim of this study was to examine the organ donation registration rate and related factors among clinical nurses.Material and methodsIn this cross-sectional, correlational study, we used mailed questionnaires to collect data from four geographical areas and three hospital levels in Taiwan from June 6 to August 31, 2018. Two thousand and thirty-three clinical nurses participated in this study.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 34.47 years, and 95.7% were women. Of them, 78.3% were willing to donate their organs and 20.6% had registered for organ donation after death. The results of logistic regression showed that in the personal domain, higher age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, p < 0.001), better knowledge of organ donation (OR = 1.09, p < 0.001), and a positive attitude toward organ donation (OR = 2.91, p < 0.001) were positively associated with organ donation registration, while cultural myths (OR = 0.69, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated. In the policy domain, the convenience of the registration procedure (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001) was positively associated with registration. A gap between willingness to donate and actual registration was observed.ConclusionsPersonal factors played an important role in organ donation registration. Therefore, efforts to improve knowledge and inculcate positive cultural beliefs about organ donation among clinical nurses are recommended. There is also a need to cooperate with government policies to provide appropriate in-service training and policy incentives and establish an efficient registration process.
| S-EPMC7895373 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWe sought to collate and summarize existing literature on donor audits (DA) and how they have been used to guide deceased organ donation and transplantation system performance and quality assurance.SourceWe searched MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science supplemented by Google to identify grey literature on 6 May 2022, to locate studies in English, French, and Spanish. The data were screened, extracted, and analyzed independently by two reviewers. We grouped the results into five categories: 1) motivation for DA, 2) DA methodology, 3) potential and actual donors, 4) missed donation opportunities, and 5) quality improvement.Principal findingsThe search yielded 2,416 unique publications and 52 were included in this review. Most studies were from the UK (n = 13) and published between 2001 and 2006 (n = 15). The methodologies described for DA were diverse. Our findings showed that the primary motivation for conducting DA was to identify potential donors and the number of potential deceased organ donors is significantly higher than the number of actual donors. Among retrieved studies, the proportion of donation opportunities following neurologic determination of death was 95/222 (43%) compared with 25/181 (14%) for donation after cardiocirculatory death (DCD), suggesting that the missed donation rate is higher for DCD.ConclusionDonor audits help identify missed donation opportunities along the deceased donation pathway and can help support the evaluation of quality improvement initiatives.
| S-EPMC10858122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe aim of the study was to analyze determinants affecting attitudes toward organ donation among medical students at medical universities in Poland.Materials and methodsThe study involved 1,348 medical students. It was performed using a validated questionnaire of attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) [PCID-DTO RIOS: A questionnaire designed by the International Collaborative Organ Donation project about organ transplantation and donation].ResultsIt was shown that those who would not donate their family member's organs for transplantation were far more likely to believe it was not their moral duty (p = 0.013) and to feel no solidarity with those in need (p = 0.000). Those who spoke to their families believed it was their moral duty (p = 0.000), and believed they would do it out of solidarity with those in need (p = 0.000). It was found that having family conversations about donating one's organs for transplantation was statistically significantly related to being a blood donor (p = 0.002), fear of desecration/disfigurement of the body after death in case of organ donation (p = 0. 000), a belief that it may be necessary to become an organ recipient in the future (p = 0.000), and knowledge of loved ones' opinions about ODT (father p = 0.000, mother p = 0.000), partner (p = 0.000).Conclusion1. The reluctance to donate the organs of loved ones for transplantation is accompanied by a lack of a sense of moral obligation and a lack of solidarity with those in need. Conversely, conversations among loved ones about organ donation are thought-provoking, causing a sense of moral obligation and solidarity with those in need. 2. Regardless of the stance on organ donation and family discussions on the subject, the respondents do not care what happens to the body after organ donation, but they also do not know the opinions of their loved ones about ODT. 3. Conversations with loved ones contribute to the acceptance of circumstances in which organs would be harvested for transplantation without consent.
| S-EPMC11831047 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The majority of living organ donors are women, but few are deceased organ donors, which increases risks associated with sex mismatched organs. We sought to identify reasons for sex disparities in organ donation and strategies for equity. Methods and Results Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, we examined US adults' perceptions regarding donation in a mixed-methods survey study. Results were compared by sex with Fisher's exact test and T-tests for quantitative results and qualitative descriptive analyses for write-in responses. Among 667 participants (55% women), the majority of men (64.8%) and women (63.4%) self-identified as registered donors. Women's willingness to donate their own organs to family members (P=0.03) or strangers (P=0.03) was significantly higher than men. Donors from both sexes were guided by: desire to help, personal experience, and believing organs would be useless to deceased donors. Non-donors from both sexes were guided by: no reason, medical mistrust, contemplating donation. When considering whether to donate organs of a deceased family member, women were equally guided by a family member's wishes and believing the family member had no further use for organs. Men had similar themes but valued the family member's wishes more. Among non-donors, both sexes would consider donation if more information was provided. Conclusions In a national survey, both sexes had similar reasons for becoming and not becoming an organ donor. However, compared with men, women were more willing to donate their organs to family members and strangers. Improving education and communicating wishes regarding organ donation with direct relatives may increase sex equity in deceased organ donation.
| S-EPMC8649146 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeDeceased donor audits (DAs) allow organ donation and transplantation systems to measure and analyze missed donation opportunities (MDOs). Missed donation opportunities can harm both patients/families denied the opportunity to donate and patients on transplant waitlists denied access to lifesaving organs. In Canada, there are no national standards for DAs, data analysis, nor accountability processes surrounding MDOs. Understanding DA current practice in each jurisdicton would facilitate developing a national strategy for DAs.MethodAll provincial organ donation organizations (ODOs) were invited to participate in an environmental scan (ES) of current DA practices. The two ES phases were an electronic survey followed by semistructured interviews. We collected information about the objectives, frequency, scope, data collection methodology, resources required, definitions/metrics used, and process for reporting outcomes.ResultsAll eleven ODOs participated in both phases of the ES (July and October 2019). The primary purposes for conducting DAs were to estimate the following: 1) donor potential (5/11, 45%); 2) system performance at the provincial level (3/11, 27%); and 3) system performance at the hospital level (3/11, 27%). Frequency of DAs varied from weekly to annually, depending on the availability of death reports, urban vs rural setting, and staffing. High variability was observed in DA methodology, donor definitions, and metrics across jurisdictions.ConclusionThere is significant variability across Canadian ODOs in the methodology, definitions, timeliness, data collection, and reporting of DAs. This underscores the need for a national donor audit strategy to reduce preventable harm from MDOs to patients/families at end of life and those on transplant waitlists.
| S-EPMC10656310 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In contrast to opt-in systems, relatively little is known about what influences whether or not people register a decision about organ donation in opt-out systems. We address this gap in the literature. Participants (N = 756) living in a country with opt-out consent (Wales, UK) provided information on demographics and blood donor status. Participants indicated whether they had opted-in or opted-out (i.e. active decision), or not registered a decision under the assumption of deemed consent. Subsequently, their negative emotional beliefs (or affective attitudes) towards organ donation were measured. Opting-in was associated with being younger, having donated blood and holding superstitious beliefs about donation (jinx). Disgust (ick factor) deterred opting-in, and bodily integrity concerns increased opting-out. Positive affective attitudes increased opting-in and deterred opting-out. Actively opting-in increases the likelihood of organs being transplanted, thus, modifying affective attitudes and targeting blood donors should enhance the number of donors available under opt-out systems.
| S-EPMC11264565 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceOrgan transplant is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage organ failure. In the US, organ procurement organizations (OPOs) are responsible for the evaluation and procurement of organs from donors who have died; however, there is controversy regarding what measures should be used to evaluate their performance.ObjectiveTo evaluate OPO performance metrics using combined mortality and donation data and quantify the associations of population demographics with donation metrics.Design, setting, and participantsThis national cohort study includes data from the US organ transplantation system from January 2008 through December 2017. All individuals who died within the US, as reported by the National Death index, were included.ExposuresDeath, organ donation, and donation eligibility.Main outcomes and measuresEvaluation of the variation in donation metrics and the use of ineligible donors by OPO and demographic subgroup.ResultsThis study included 17 501 742 deaths and 75 769 deceased organ donors (45 040 men [59.4%]; 51 908 White individuals [68.5%]). Of these donors, 15 857 (20.9%) were not eligible, as defined by the OPOs. The median donation metrics by OPO were 0.004 (range, 0.002-0.012) donors per death, 0.89 (range, 0.68-1.30) donors per eligible death, and 0.72 (range, 0.57-0.86) eligible donors per eligible death. The OPOs in the upper quartile of the overall eligible donors per eligible death metric were in the upper quartile of annual rankings on 90 of 140 occasions (64.3%). There was little overlap in top-performing OPOs between metrics; an OPO in the upper quartile for 1 metric was also in the upper quartile for the other metrics on 37 of 570 occasions (6.5% of the time). The median donor eligibility rate, defined as the number of eligible donors per donor, was 0.79 (range, 0.61-0.95) across OPOs. Age (eg, 65 to 84 years, coefficient, -0.55 [SE, 0.03]; P < .001; vs those aged 18 to 34 years), sex (male individuals, -0.09 [SE, 0.02]; P < .001; vs female individuals), race (eg, Black individuals, 0.35 [SE, 0.02]; P < .001; vs White individuals), cause of death (eg, central nervous system tumor, 0.48 [SE, 0.08]; P < .001; vs anoxia), year (eg, 2016-2017: -0.10 [SE, 0.03]; P < .001; vs 2008-2009), and OPO were associated with the use of ineligible donors; OPO was a significant factor associated with performance in all metrics (χ256, 500.5; P < .001; coefficient range across individual OPOs, -0.15 [SE, 0.09] to 0.75 [SE, 0.09]), even after accounting for population differences. Female and non-White individuals were significantly less likely to be used as ineligible donors.Conclusions and relevanceWe demonstrate significant variability in OPO performance rankings, depending on which donation metric is used. There were significant differences in OPO performance, even after accounting for differences in potential donor populations. Our data suggest significant variation in use of ineligible donors among OPOs, a source for increased donors. The performance of OPOs should be evaluated using a range of donation metrics.
| S-EPMC7711570 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveFor various reasons, people of Chinese (China, Hong Kong or Taiwan) and South Asian (Indian subcontinent) ancestry (the two largest ethnic minority groups in Ontario, Canada) may be less likely to register for deceased organ donation than the general public, and their families may be less likely to consent for deceased organ donation at the time of death.MethodsWe conducted two population-based studies: (1) a cross-sectional study of deceased organ donor registration as of May 2013, and (2) a cohort study of the steps in proceeding with deceased organ donation for patients who died in hospital from October 2008 to December 2012.ResultsA total of 49 938 of 559 714 Chinese individuals (8.9%) and 47 774 of 374 291 South Asians (12.8%) were registered for deceased organ donation, proportions lower than the general public (2 676 260 of 10 548 249 (25.4%). Among the 168 703 Ontarians who died in a hospital, the families of 33 of 81 Chinese (40.1%; 95% CI: 30.7%-51.6%) and 39 of 72 South Asian individuals (54.2%; 95% CI: 42.7-65.2%) consented for deceased organ donation, proportions lower than the general public (68.3%; 95% CI: 66.4%-70.0%).ConclusionsIn Ontario, Canada Chinese and South Asian individuals are less likely to register and their families are less likely to consent to deceased organ donation compared to the remaining general public. There is an opportunity to build support for organ and tissue donation in these two large ethnic communities in Canada.
| S-EPMC4521812 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCanada has low rates of deceased organ and tissue donation. Immigrants to Canada may differ in their registered support for deceased organ donation based on their country of origin.MethodsWe used linked administrative databases in Ontario (about 11 million residents aged ≥ 16 yr) to study the proportion of immigrants and long-term residents registered for deceased organ and tissue donation as of October 2013. We used modified Poisson regression to identify and quantify predictors of donor registration.ResultsCompared with long-term residents (n = 9 244 570), immigrants (n = 1 947 646) were much less likely to register for deceased organ and tissue donation (11.9% v. 26.5%). Immigrants from the United States, Australia and New Zealand had the highest registration rate (40.0%), whereas immigrants with the lowest registration rates were from Eastern Europe and Central Asia (9.4%), East Asia and Pacific (8.4%) and sub-Saharan Africa (7.9%). The largest numbers of unregistered immigrants were from India (n = 202 548), China (n = 186 678) and the Philippines (n = 125 686). Characteristics among the immigrant population associated with a higher likelihood of registration included economic immigrant status, living in a rural area (population < 10 000), living in an area with a lower ethnic concentration, less material deprivation, a higher education, ability to speak English and French, and more years residing in Canada.InterpretationImmigrants in Ontario were less likely to register for deceased organ and tissue donation than long-term residents. There is a need to better understand reasons for lower registration rates among Canadian immigrants and to create culture-sensitive materials to build support for deceased organ and tissue donation.
| S-EPMC5396453 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Health education, research, and training rely on the altruistic act of body donation for the supply of cadavers. Organ transplantation and research rely on donated organs. Supply of both is limited, with further restrictions in Australia due to requirements for a next-of-kin agreement to donation, irrespective of the deceased's pre-death consent. Research suggests health workers are less likely to support the donation of their own bodies and/or organs, despite recognizing the public good of donation, and that exposure to gross anatomy teaching may negatively affect support for donation. Attitudes to body and organ donation were examined in Australian students studying anatomy. Support for self-body donation (26.5%) was much lower than support for self-organ donation (82.5%). Ten percent of participants would not support the election of a family member or member of the public to donate their body, and just over 4% would not support the election of a family member to donate their organs, with one-to-two percent not supporting this election by a member of the public. Exposure to gross anatomy teaching was associated with an increased likelihood of consideration of issues about body and organ donation, whether for self, family, or the public, and registration as an organ donor. Exposure decreased participants' willingness to donate their own body, with those who practiced a religion least likely to support body donation. Gross anatomy courses provide an opportunity to inform future healthcare workers about altruistic donation, albeit with a recognition that religious or cultural beliefs may affect willingness to donate.
| S-EPMC10084255 | biostudies-literature