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Poor Oral Hygiene and High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva Predict the Risk of Overweight and Obesity.

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to determine if oral hygiene influences not only oral health but also potentially metabolic disorders such as overweight or obesity. Participants were 94 patients: 40 with increased body mass and 54 with normal body mass. The methods included dental examination, a questionnaire concerning hygienic habits and an assessment of selected salivary inflammatory markers. The new parameter named "cleaning index" (describing the interaction between average time of tooth brushing in minutes and its frequency per day) significantly correlated with Body Mass Index (RSpearman = 0.300). The multivariate regression model incorporating cleaning index, approximal plaque index, receptor 1 for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF?-R1) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) had a high power to predict overweight or obesity (AUC = 0.894). Patients with poor oral hygiene (approximal plaque index >40%) were more than eight times more likely to suffer from obesity than patients with good oral hygiene. Cleaning index higher than 4 decreased the odds by about 85%. Oral hygiene habits, adjusted by salivary concentrations of selected inflammatory markers may allow predicting effectively overweight or obesity risk. Early proper dental prophylaxis and treatment could lead to the better prevention of metabolic disorders.

SUBMITTER: Nijakowski K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7504558 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Poor Oral Hygiene and High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva Predict the Risk of Overweight and Obesity.

Nijakowski Kacper K Lehmann Anna A Rutkowski Rafał R Korybalska Katarzyna K Witowski Janusz J Surdacka Anna A

International journal of environmental research and public health 20200830 17

The study aimed to determine if oral hygiene influences not only oral health but also potentially metabolic disorders such as overweight or obesity. Participants were 94 patients: 40 with increased body mass and 54 with normal body mass. The methods included dental examination, a questionnaire concerning hygienic habits and an assessment of selected salivary inflammatory markers. The new parameter named "cleaning index" (describing the interaction between average time of tooth brushing in minute ...[more]

PMID: 32872648

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Project description:Objectives: In obese patients the superficial adipose tissue expresses cytokines, and sirtuins, that may affect myocardial function. In this study, we investigated the effect of metformin therapy added to a hypocaloric diet on the inflammatory pattern and cardiac performance (MPI) in obese patients with pre-diabetic condition. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight obese patients that were enrolled for abdominoplastic surgery were divided into patients with pre-diabetic condition (n 40) and normo-glycemic patients (n18). Patients with pre-diabetic condition were randomly assigned to metformin therapy added to a hypocaloric diet (group 1, n 20) or to a hypocaloric diet therapy alone (group 2, n20). Patients with normo-glycemic condition were assigned to a hypocaloric diet therapy. Results: During enrollment, obese patients with a pre-diabetic condition (group 1 and 2) presented higher glucose values, lower values of insulin, and higher values of the homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than obese patients with normo-glycemic condition(group 3). In addition, they had higher values of C Reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), and lower values of sirtuin 1(SIRT1). In the 12th month of the follow-up, metformin therapy induced in patients with pre-diabetic condition (group 1) a significant reduction of glucose values, HOMA-IR, and inflammatory markers such as CRP (1.04 ± 0.48 vs. 0.49 ± 0.02 mmol/L, p < 0.05), IL6 (4.22 ± 0.45 vs. 3.33 ± 0.34 pg/ml, p < 0.05), TNF? (6.95 ± 0.59 vs. 5.15 ± 0.44 pg/ml, p < 0.05), and Nitrotyrosine (5,214 ± 0,702 vs. 2,151 ± 0,351 nmol/l, p < 0.05). This was associated with a significant reduction of Intima-media thickness (1.01 ± 0.15 vs. 0.86 ± 0.15 mm, p < 0.05), Septum (14 ± 2.5 vs. 10.5 ± 2 mm, p < 0.05), Posterior wall (11 ± 1.5 vs. 8 ± 1 mm, p < 0.05), LV mass (192.5 ± 49.5 vs. 133.2 ± 37.6 g, p < 0.05) and of MPI (0.58 ± 0.03 vs. 0.38 ± 0.02, p < 0.05). At 12 months of follow-up, group 2 experienced only a reduction of cholesterol (4.15 ± 0.94 vs. 4.51 ± 0.88 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and triglycerides (1.71 ± 1.18 vs. 1.83 ± 0.54 mmol/L, p < 0.05). At 12 months of follow-up, group 3 experienced a significant reduction of inflammatory markers, and also of echographic parameters, associated with amelioration of myocardial performance. To date, IL6 expression was related to higher values of left ventricle mass (R-value 0.272, p-value 0.039), and to higher IMT (R-value 0.272, p-value 0.039), such as those observed for CRP (R-value 0.308, p-value 0.021), for glucose blood values (R-value 0.449, p-value 0.001), and for HOMA-IR (R-value 0.366, p-value 0.005). An inverse correlation was found between subcutaneous fat expression of SIRT1 and myocardial performance index (R-value-0.236, p-value 0.002). Conclusion: In obese patients with pre-diabetic condition a metformin therapy may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and this may be associated with the amelioration of the cardiac performance. Clinical research trial number: NCT03439592.

Project description:BackgroundObesity is a well recognized risk factor for various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to shed light on the patterns of overweight and obesity in sub-Saharan Africa, with special interest in differences between the urban poor and the urban non-poor. The specific goals were to describe trends in overweight and obesity among urban women; and examine how these trends vary by education and household wealth.MethodsThe paper used Demographic and Health Surveys data from seven African countries where two surveys had been carried out with an interval of at least 10 years between them. Among the countries studied, the earliest survey took place in 1992 and the latest in 2005. The dependent variable was body mass index coded as: Not overweight/obese; Overweight; Obese. The key covariates were time lapse between the two surveys; woman's education; and household wealth. Control variables included working status, age, marital status, parity, and country. Multivariate ordered logistic regression in the context of the partial proportional odds model was used.ResultsDescriptive results showed that the prevalence of urban overweight/obesity increased by nearly 35% during the period covered. The increase was higher among the poorest (+50%) than among the richest (+7%). Importantly, there was an increase of 45-50% among the non-educated and primary-educated women, compared to a drop of 10% among women with secondary education or higher. In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio of the variable time lapse was 1.05 (p < 0.01), indicating that the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased by about 5% per year on average in the countries in the study. While the rate of change in urban overweight/obesity did not significantly differ between the poor and the rich, it was substantially higher among the non-educated women than among their educated counterparts.ConclusionOverweight and obesity are on the rise in Africa and might take epidemic proportions in the near future. Like several other public health challenges, overweight and obesity should be tackled and prevented early as envisioned in the WHO Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health.

Dataset Information

Poor Oral Hygiene and High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva Predict the Risk of Overweight and Obesity.

Publications

Poor Oral Hygiene and High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva Predict the Risk of Overweight and Obesity.

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