Dataset Information

Cognitive Relevance Transform for Population Re-Targeting.

ABSTRACT: This work examines the differences between a human and a machine in object recognition tasks. The machine is useful as much as the output classification labels are correct and match the dataset-provided labels. However, very often a discrepancy occurs because the dataset label is different than the one expected by a human. To correct this, the concept of the target user population is introduced. The paper presents a complete methodology for either adapting the output of a pre-trained, state-of-the-art object classification algorithm to the target population or inferring a proper, user-friendly categorization from the target population. The process is called 'user population re-targeting'. The methodology includes a set of specially designed population tests, which provide crucial data about the categorization that the target population prefers. The transformation between the dataset-bound categorization and the new, population-specific categorization is called the 'Cognitive Relevance Transform'. The results of the experiments on the well-known datasets have shown that the target population preferred such a transformed categorization by a large margin, that the performance of human observers is probably better than previously thought, and that the outcome of re-targeting may be difficult to predict without actual tests on the target population.

SUBMITTER: Koporec G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7506759 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cognitive Relevance Transform for Population Re-Targeting.

Koporec Gregor G Košir Andrej A Leonardis Aleš A Perš Janez J

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20200819 17

This work examines the differences between a human and a machine in object recognition tasks. The machine is useful as much as the output classification labels are correct and match the dataset-provided labels. However, very often a discrepancy occurs because the dataset label is different than the one expected by a human. To correct this, the concept of the target user population is introduced. The paper presents a complete methodology for either adapting the output of a pre-trained, state-of-t ...[more]

PMID: 32825013

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Project description:Cognitive impairments have been reported in idiopathic intracranial hypertension; however, evidence supporting these deficits is scarce and contributing factors have not been defined. Using a case-control prospective study, we identified multiple domains of deficiency in a cohort of 66 female adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. We identified significantly impaired attention networks (executive function) and sustained attention compared to a body mass index and age matched control group of 25 healthy female participants. We aimed to investigate how cognitive function changed over time and demonstrated that deficits were not permanent. Participants exhibited improvement in several domains including executive function, sustained attention and verbal short-term memory over 12-month follow-up. Improved cognition over time was associated with reduction in intracranial pressure but not body weight. We then evaluated cognition before and after a lumbar puncture with acute reduction in intracranial pressure and noted significant improvement in sustained attention to response task performance. The impact of comorbidities (headache, depression, adiposity and obstructive sleep apnoea) was also explored. We observed that body mass index and the obesity associated cytokine interleukin-6 (serum and cerebrospinal fluid) were not associated with cognitive performance. Headache severity during cognitive testing, co-morbid depression and markers of obstructive sleep apnoea were adversely associated with cognitive performance. Dysregulation of the cortisol generating enzyme 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 has been observed in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Elevated cortisol has been associated with impaired cognition. Here, we utilized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for multi-steroid profiling in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. We noted that reduction in the serum cortisol:cortisone ratio in those undergoing bariatric surgery at 12 months was associated with improving verbal working memory. The clinical relevance of cognitive deficits was noted in their significant association with impaired reliability to perform visual field tests, the cornerstone of monitoring vision in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Our findings propose that cognitive impairment should be accepted as a clinical manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and impairs the ability to perform visual field testing reliably. Importantly, cognitive deficits can improve over time and with reduction of intracranial pressure. Treating comorbid depression, obstructive sleep apnoea and headache could improve cognitive performance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

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Dataset Information

Cognitive Relevance Transform for Population Re-Targeting.

Publications

Cognitive Relevance Transform for Population Re-Targeting.

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