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Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and arterial stiffness with cognition in youth.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:To investigate the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and arterial stiffness with cognition in 16- to 19-year-old adolescents. METHODS:Fifty four adolescents (35 girls; 19 boys) participated in the study. Peak oxygen uptake (V?O2peak ) and peak power output (Wmax ) were measured by the maximal ramp test on a cycle ergometer and ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined with ventilation equivalents. Lean mass (LM) and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and augmentation index (AIx%) were measured by a non-invasive oscillometric device. Working memory, short term memory, visual learning and memory, paired-associate learning, attention, reaction time, and executive function were assessed by CogState tests. RESULTS:V?O2peak /LM (? = 0.36 p = .011) and Wmax /LM (? = 0.30 p = .020) were positively associated with working memory. Wmax /LM was also positively associated with visual learning (? = 0.37, p = .009). V?O2 at VT/LM was positively associated with working memory (? = 0.30 p = .016), visual learning (? = 0.31 p = .026), and associated learning (? = -0.27 p = .040). V?O2 at VT as % of V?O2peak , BF%, PWVao, and AIx% were not associated with cognition. CONCLUSION:Cardiorespiratory fitness was related to better cognitive function, while BF% and arterial stiffness were not associated with cognition in adolescents.

SUBMITTER: Skog H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7507089 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and arterial stiffness with cognition in youth.

Skog Hannamari H Lintu Niina N Haapala Henna L HL Haapala Eero A EA

Physiological reports 20200901 18

<h4>Purpose</h4>To investigate the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and arterial stiffness with cognition in 16- to 19-year-old adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>Fifty four adolescents (35 girls; 19 boys) participated in the study. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O<sub>2peak</sub> ) and peak power output (W<sub>max</sub> ) were measured by the maximal ramp test on a cycle ergometer and ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined with ventilation equivalents. Lean mass (LM) and body fat percen ...[more]

PMID: 32951313

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Project description:PurposeThis study aimed to determine whether estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and adiponectin bidirectionally associate with arterial function and structure and if CRF mediates the relationship between cardiometabolic health and arterial outcomes in 9- to 11-yr-old children drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, United Kingdom.MethodsBrachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), distensibility coefficient (DC), and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured by ultrasonography; CRF was measured during the submaximal ergometer test; total FM, trunk FM, and LM were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; plasma adiponectin was measured by enzyme assay; and cardiometabolic health was computed based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. We tested bidirectionality by including CRF, FM, LM, and adiponectin as exposures and FMD, DC, and PWV as outcomes, alternatively.ResultsAmong 5566 participants (2816 (51%) girls; median age, 9.75 yr), CRF per body mass0.21 was directly related to DC (β (95% confidence interval) = 0.004 (<0.0001 to 0.008); P = 0.046), whereas CRF per LM0.54 was inversely associated with PWV (-0.034 (-0.063 to -0.003); 0.032) after adjusting for covariates. These associations remained in bidirectional analyses. Total FM, trunk FM, and LM were bidirectionally and positively associated with FMD and DC. Total FM and trunk FM but not LM had bidirectional and inverse associations with PWV. Adiponectin was not related to FMD, DC, or PWV. CRF partially mediated the associations of cardiometabolic health with FMD (1.5% mediation), DC (12.1% mediation), and PWV (3.5% mediation).ConclusionsAssociations of poor cardiometabolic health with adverse arterial structure and function in childhood may be mitigated by increasing CRF. Higher CRF was associated with better arterial structure whereas higher total FM and trunk FM were associated with better arterial function and structure. In the reverse analysis, healthy arterial structure and function were independently associated with increased total FM and trunk FM, suggesting an "arterial paradox."

Project description:IntroductionCognitive deficits occur in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with better cognitive performance in aging especially in executive function (EF) and memory. The association between CRF and cognitive performance is understudied in people with PD. Brain structures underlying associations also remains unknown. This cross-sectional study examined the associations between CRF and cognitive performance in PD. We also examined associations between CRF and brain structures impacted in PD. Mediation analysis were conducted to examine whether brain structures impacted in PD mediate putative associations between CRF and cognitive performance.MethodsIndividuals with PD (N = 33) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CRF evaluation (estimated VO2max), and neuropsychological assessment. Composite cognitive scores of episodic memory, EF, attention, language, and visuospatial functioning were generated. Structural equation models were constructed to examine whether MRI volume estimates (thalamus and pallidum) mediated associations between CRF and cognitive performance (adjusting for age, education, PD disease duration, sex, MDS-UPDRS motor score, and total intracranial volume).ResultsHigher CRF was associated with better episodic memory (Standardized β = 0.391; p = 0.008), EF (Standardized β = 0.324; p = 0.025), and visuospatial performance (Standardized β = 0.570; p = 0.005). Higher CRF was associated with larger thalamic (Standardized β = 0.722; p = 0.004) and pallidum (Standardized β = 0.635; p = 0.004) volumes. Thalamic volume mediated the association between higher CRF and better EF (Indirect effect = 0.309) and episodic memory (Indirect effect = 0.209) performance (p < 0.05). The pallidum did not significantly mediate associations between CRF and cognitive outcomes.ConclusionThe thalamus plays an important role in the association between CRF and both EF and episodic memory in PD.

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Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and arterial stiffness with cognition in youth.

Publications

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and arterial stiffness with cognition in youth.

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