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Tailoring Artificial Mode to Enable Cofired Integration of Shear?type Piezoelectric Devices

ABSTRACT: Abstract Low?temperature cofired ceramic technology is the prerequisite for producing advanced integrated piezoelectric devices that enable modern micro?electromechanical systems because of merits such as high level of compactness and ultralow drive voltage. However, piezoceramic structure with shear?type outputs, as a most fundamental functional electronic element, has never been successfully fabricated into multilayer form by the cofired method for decades. Technical manufacture requirements of parallel applied electric fields and polarization are theoretically incompatible with intrinsically orthogonal orientations in naturally occurring shear modes. Herein, inspired by the philosophy of building metamaterial from identical unit cells, an artificial prototype device with distinctive patterned electrodes and arrayed piezoceramic subunits is designed and fabricated, which is proved to perfectly generate synthetic face shear deformation. At the same drive voltage, an enhanced shear?type displacement output by over an order of magnitude is observed beyond previous d15?mode bulk elements. Further results of guided wave?based structural health monitoring and force sensing confirm that the methodology wipes out a tough piezoelectric technique barrier, and promises to fundamentally enlighten advances of integrated shear?mode piezoelectric devices for augmented actuation, sensing, and transduction applications. This work reports an ingenious metamaterial?inspired methodology to first realize cofired manufacture of multilayer shear?type piezoelectric devices, which is a long?term challenge in piezoelectric techniques. The artificially prototype d36?mode device shows enhanced shear?type displacement output by over 20 times beyond previous d15?mode bulk one at the same drive voltage, and leads to obviously augmented performance for actuation, sensing, and transduction applications.

SUBMITTER: Yang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7507555 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Biological tissues at articulating surfaces, such as articular cartilage, typically have remarkable low-friction properties that limit tissue shear during movement. However, these frictional properties change with trauma, aging, and disease, resulting in an altered mechanical state within the tissues. Yet, it remains unclear how these surface changes affect the behaviour of embedded cells when the tissue is mechanically loaded. Here, we developed a cytocompatible, bilayered hydrogel system that permits control of surface frictional properties without affecting other bulk physicochemical characteristics such as compressive modulus, mass swelling ratio, and water content. This hydrogel system was applied to investigate the effect of variations in surface friction on the biological response of human articular chondrocytes to shear loading. Shear strain in these hydrogels during dynamic shear loading was significantly higher in high-friction hydrogels than in low-friction hydrogels. Chondrogenesis was promoted following dynamic shear stimulation in chondrocyte-encapsulated low-friction hydrogel constructs, whereas matrix synthesis was impaired in high-friction constructs, which instead exhibited increased catabolism. Our findings demonstrate that the surface friction of tissue-engineered cartilage may act as a potent regulator of cellular homeostasis by governing the magnitude of shear deformation during mechanical loading, suggesting a similar relationship may also exist for native articular cartilage.Statement of significanceExcessive mechanical loading is believed to be a major risk factor inducing pathogenesis of articular cartilage and other load-bearing tissues. Yet, the mechanisms leading to increased transmission of mechanical stimuli to cells embedded in the tissue remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the tribological properties of loadbearing tissues regulate cellular behaviour by governing the magnitude of mechanical deformation arising from physiological tissue function. Based on these findings, we propose that changes to articular surface friction as they occur with trauma, aging, or disease, may initiate tissue pathology by increasing the magnitude of mechanical stress on embedded cells beyond a physiological level.

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Tailoring Artificial Mode to Enable Cofired Integration of Shear?type Piezoelectric Devices

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