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A systematic review of online examinations: A pedagogical innovation for scalable authentication and integrity.


ABSTRACT: Digitization and automation across all industries has resulted in improvements in efficiencies and effectiveness to systems and process, and the higher education sector is not immune. Online learning, e-learning, electronic teaching tools, and digital assessments are not innovations. However, there has been limited implementation of online invigilated examinations in many countries. This paper provides a brief background on online examinations, followed by the results of a systematic review on the topic to explore the challenges and opportunities. We follow on with an explication of results from thirty-six papers, exploring nine key themes: student perceptions, student performance, anxiety, cheating, staff perceptions, authentication and security, interface design, and technology issues. While the literature on online examinations is growing, there is still a dearth of discussion at the pedagogical and governance levels.

SUBMITTER: Butler-Henderson K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7508171 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A systematic review of online examinations: A pedagogical innovation for scalable authentication and integrity.

Butler-Henderson Kerryn K   Crawford Joseph J  

Computers & education 20200922


Digitization and automation across all industries has resulted in improvements in efficiencies and effectiveness to systems and process, and the higher education sector is not immune. Online learning, e-learning, electronic teaching tools, and digital assessments are not innovations. However, there has been limited implementation of online invigilated examinations in many countries. This paper provides a brief background on online examinations, followed by the results of a systematic review on t  ...[more]

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