Dataset Information

National case fatality rates of the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

The case fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies significantly between countries. We aimed to describe the associations between health indicators and the national CFRs of COVID-19.

Methods

We identified for each country health indicators potentially associated with the national CFRs of COVID-19. We extracted data for 18 variables from international administrative data sources for 34 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). We excluded the collinear variables and examined the 16 variables in multivariable analysis. A dynamic web-based model was developed to analyse and display the associations for the CFRs of COVID-19. We followed the Guideline for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).

Results

In multivariable analysis, the variables significantly associated with the increased CFRs were percentage of obesity in ages >18 years (? = 3.26; 95%CI = 1.20, 5.33; p 0.003), tuberculosis incidence (? = 3.15; 95%CI = 1.09, 5.22; p 0.004), duration (days) since first death due to COVID-19 (? = 2.89; 95%CI = 0.83, 4.96; p 0.008), and median age (? = 2.83; 95%CI = 0.76, 4.89; p 0.009). The COVID-19 test rate (? = -3.54; 95%CI = -5.60, -1.47; p 0.002), hospital bed density (? = -2.47; 95%CI = -4.54, -0.41; p 0.021), and rural population ratio (? = -2.19; 95%CI = -4.25, -0.13; p 0.039) decreased the CFR.

Conclusions

The pandemic hits population-dense cities. Available hospital beds should be increased. Test capacity should be increased to enable more effective diagnostic tests. Older patients and patients with obesity and their caregivers should be warned about a potentially increased risk.

SUBMITTER: Ergonul O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7510430 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

National case fatality rates of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ergönül Önder Ö Akyol Merve M Tanrıöver Cem C Tiemeier Henning H Petersen Eskild E Petrosillo Nicola N Gönen Mehmet M

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 20200923 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>The case fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies significantly between countries. We aimed to describe the associations between health indicators and the national CFRs of COVID-19.<h4>Methods</h4>We identified for each country health indicators potentially associated with the national CFRs of COVID-19. We extracted data for 18 variables from international administrative data sources for 34 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation ...[more]

PMID: 32979575

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Project description:Background:The novel human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 240,000 lives worldwide, causing tremendous public health, social, and economic damages. While the risk factors of COVID-19 are still under investigation, environmental factors, such as urban air pollution, may play an important role in increasing population susceptibility to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide study using zero-inflated negative binomial models to estimate the association between long-term (2010-2016) county-level exposures to NO2, PM2.5 and O3 and county-level COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the US. We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, sociodemographic, socioeconomic status, behavior risk factors, and meteorological factors. Results:1,027,799 COVID-19 cases and 58,489 deaths were reported in 3,122 US counties from January 22, 2020 to April 29, 2020, with an overall observed case-fatality rate of 5.8%. Spatial variations were observed for both COVID-19 death outcomes and long-term ambient air pollutant levels. County-level average NO2 concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate in single-, bi-, and tri-pollutant models (p-values<0.05). Per inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 (4.6 ppb), COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate were associated with an increase of 7.1% (95% CI 1.2% to 13.4%) and 11.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 19.5%), respectively. We did not observe significant associations between long-term exposures to PM2.5 or O3 and COVID-19 death outcomes (p-values>0.05), although per IQR increase in PM2.5 (3.4 ug/m3) was marginally associated with 10.8% (95% CI: -1.1% to 24.1%) increase in COVID-19 mortality rate. Discussions and Conclusions:Long-term exposure to NO2, which largely arises from urban combustion sources such as traffic, may enhance susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes, independent of long-term PM2.5 and O3 exposure. The results support targeted public health actions to protect residents from COVID-19 in heavily polluted regions with historically high NO2 levels. Moreover, continuation of current efforts to lower traffic emissions and ambient air pollution levels may be an important component of reducing population-level risk of COVID-19 deaths.

Dataset Information

National case fatality rates of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

National case fatality rates of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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