The Impact of a Six?Year Climate Anomaly on the “Spanish Flu” Pandemic and WWI

ABSTRACT: Abstract The H1N1 “Spanish influenza” pandemic of 1918–1919 caused the highest known number of deaths recorded for a single pandemic in human history. Several theories have been offered to explain the virulence and spread of the disease, but the environmental context remains underexamined. In this study, we present a new environmental record from a European, Alpine ice core, showing a significant climate anomaly that affected the continent from 1914 to 1919. Incessant torrential rain and declining temperatures increased casualties in the battlefields of World War I (WWI), setting the stage for the spread of the pandemic at the end of the conflict. Multiple independent records of temperature, precipitation, and mortality corroborate these findings. Key Points Novel, high?resolution climate record from Europe shows strong influx of marine air in a 1914–1918 climate anomaly unmatched in 100 years Independent precipitation, temperature, and historical records corroborate the timing and extent of the anomaly Historical and epidemiological records indicate that this climate anomaly affected the mortality in WWI as well as the “Spanish flu” pandemic

SUBMITTER: More A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7513628 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature