Influence of specific management practices on blood selenium, vitamin E, and beta-carotene concentrations in horses and risk of nutritional deficiency.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pitel MO
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7517834 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Influence of specific management practices on blood selenium, vitamin E, and beta-carotene concentrations in horses and risk of nutritional deficiency.
Pitel Mariya O MO McKenzie Erica C EC Johns Jennifer L JL Stuart Robert L RL
Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20200720 5
<h4>Background</h4>Selenium or alpha-tocopherol deficiency can cause neuromuscular disease. Beta-carotene has limited documentation in horses.<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate the effect of owner practices on plasma beta-carotene concentration and risk of selenium and alpha-tocopherol deficiencies.<h4>Animals</h4>Three-hundred and forty-nine adult (≥1 year), university and privately owned horses and mules.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional study. Whole blood selenium, plasma alpha-tocopherol, and plasm ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:The pathogenicity of the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) shows postulates that optimal status of essential nutrients is crucial in supporting both the early viraemic and later hyperinflammatory phases of COVID-19. Micronutrients such as vitamin C, D, zinc, and selenium play roles in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiviral, and immuno-modulatory functions and are useful in both innate and adaptive immunity. The purpose of this review is to provide a high-level summary of evidence on clinical outcomes associated with nutritional risk of these micronutrients observed in patients with COVID-19. A literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar to obtain findings of cross-sectional and experimental studies in humans. The search resulted in a total of 1212 reports including all nutrients, but only 85 were included according to the eligibility criteria. Despite the diversity of studies and the lack of randomized clinical trials and prospective cohorts, there is evidence of the potential protective and therapeutic roles of vitamin C, D, zinc, and selenium in COVID-19. The findings summarized in this review will contribute to guide interventions in clinical practice or in future clinical studies.
| S-EPMC8571905 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Preliminary experiments confirmed the work of others showing that the total glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity of rat liver supernatant fraction may be resolved into two peaks of activity (peaks I and II) by gel filtration, and that peak I is the selenium-containing enzyme and peak II is another peroxidase indistinguishable from glutathione S-transferase (GST). In selenium and vitamin E deficiency, the total activity of the GSH-px became very low, and the total activity of GST with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate was enhanced. Study of the time course of these changes as deficiency progressed indicated that the stimulus for the rise in GST (CDNB) activity was the fall in GSH-px activity which preceded it. The peroxidase activity of GST was found to reside only in the GST AA, B and B2 forms of the enzyme, which were shown to be respectively a homodimer of the Yc subunit, a homodimer of the Ya subunit and a heterodimer of the YaYc subunit. As vitamin E and selenium deficiency progressed, the B2 and AA forms of the enzyme showed enhanced activity, which was interpreted as implying that the Yc subunit of the enzyme becomes enriched as a consequence of the withdrawal of selenium from the animal's diet. Densitometric measurements of the Yc and Ya subunits confirmed that the amount of the Yc subunit was nearly doubled in selenium deficiency, relative to the Ya subunit.
| S-EPMC1144911 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency is one of 31 targeted inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) for the Canadian Inherited Metabolic Diseases Research Network (CIMDRN). Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment through newborn screening has gradually shifted treatment goals from the prevention of disabling complications to the optimization of long term outcomes. However, clinical evidence demonstrates that subtle suboptimal neurocognitive outcomes are present in the early and continuously diet-treated population with PAH deficiency. This may be attributed to variation in blood phenylalanine levels to outside treatment range and this, in turn, is possibly due to a combination of factors; disease severity, dietary noncompliance and differences in practice related to the management of PAH deficiency. One of CIMDRN's goals is to understand current practices in the diagnosis and management of PAH deficiency in the pediatric population, from the perspective of both health care providers and patients/families. OBJECTIVES:We investigated Canadian metabolic dietitians' perspectives on the nutritional management of children with PAH deficiency, awareness of recently published North American treatment and nutritional guidelines in relation to PAH deficiency, and nutritional care practices within and outside these guidelines. METHODS:We invited 33 dietitians to participate in a survey, to ascertain their use of recently published guidelines and their practices in relation to the nutritional care of pediatric patients with PAH deficiency. RESULTS:We received 19 responses (59% response rate). All participants reported awareness of published guidelines for managing PAH deficiency. To classify disease severity, 89% of dietitians reported using pre-treatment blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels, alone or in combination with other factors. 74% of dietitians reported using blood Phe levels ?360??mol/L (6?mg/dL) as the criterion for initiating a Phe-restricted diet. All respondents considered 120-360??mol/L (2-6?mg/dL) as the optimal treatment range for blood Phe in children 0-9?years old, but there was less agreement on blood Phe targets for older children. Most dietitians reported similar approaches to diet assessment and counseling: monitoring growth trends, use of 3?day diet records for intake analysis, individualization of diet goals, counseling patients to count grams of dietary natural protein or milligrams of dietary Phe, and monitoring blood Phe, tyrosine and ferritin. CONCLUSION:While Canadian dietitians' practices in managing pediatric PAH deficiency are generally aligned with those of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), and with the associated treatment and nutritional guidelines from Genetic Metabolic Dietitians International (GMDI), variation in many aspects of care reflects ongoing uncertainty and a need for robust evidence.
| S-EPMC6323774 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Asymmetric ?-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, is cleaved to produce retinol (vitamin A) and ?-retinol (with negligible vitamin A activity). The vitamin A activity of ?-carotene-containing foods is likely overestimated because traditional analytic methods do not separate ?-retinol derivatives from active retinol.Objective: This study aimed to accurately characterize intestinal ?-carotene cleavage and its relative contribution to postprandial vitamin A in humans after consumption of raw carrots.Design: Healthy adults (n = 12) consumed a meal containing 300 g raw carrot (providing 27.3 mg ?-carotene and 18.7 mg ?-carotene). Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions of plasma were isolated and extracted, and ?-retinyl palmitate (?RP) and retinyl palmitate were measured over 12 h postprandially via high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The complete profile of all ?-retinyl esters and retinyl esters was measured at 6 h, and total absorption of ?- and ?-carotene was calculated.Results: ?RP was identified and quantified in every subject. No difference in preference for absorption of ?- over ?-carotene was observed (adjusting for dose, 28% higher, P = 0.103). After absorption, ?-carotene trended toward preferential cleavage compared with ?-carotene (22% higher, P = 0.084). A large range of provitamin A carotenoid conversion efficiencies was observed, with ?-carotene contributing 12-35% of newly converted vitamin A (predicted contribution = 25.5%). In all subjects, a majority of ?-retinol was esterified to palmitic acid (as compared with other fatty acids).Conclusions: ?-Retinol is esterified in the enterocyte and transported in the blood analogous to retinol. The percentage of absorption of ?-carotene from raw carrots was not significantly different from ?-carotene when adjusting for dose, although a trend toward higher cleavage of ?-carotene was observed. The results demonstrate large interindividual variability in ?-carotene conversion. The contribution of newly absorbed ?-carotene to postprandial vitamin A should not be estimated but should be measured directly to accurately assess the vitamin A capacity of ?-carotene-containing foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01432210.
| S-EPMC5486200 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The role of vitamin E and selenium as protective agents against oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring liver chemiluminescence in situ. Weanling rats fed a vitamin E- and selenium-deficient diet showed liver chemiluminescence that was increased 60 and 100% over control values at 16 and 18 days respectively after weaning. At day 21, the double deficiency led to hepatic necrosis, as observed by optical and electron microscopy, and increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase. Single deficiencies, in either vitamin E or selenium, did not produce liver necrosis but increased liver chemiluminescence. Vitamin E deficiency led to a 23 and 50% increase in liver emission at days 18 and 20 respectively; selenium deficiency produced a 64% increase at day 16. The activity of liver selenium-glutathione peroxidase diminished to 13% of the control value in the rats fed doubly deficient and selenium-deficient diets. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and non-selenium-glutathione peroxidase were not modified by the different diets. These results suggest that oxy-radical generation may play a major role in hepatic necrosis in vitamin E- and selenium-deficiency.
| S-EPMC1147716 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesIn the hospital setting, poor dietary intake interacts with disease and represents a major and modifiable cause of malnutrition. Understanding barriers to adequate dietary intake is an important strategy to guide the development of interventions to improve nutrition intake. The aim of this study reported in this paper was to explore patient, family and health care professionals' perceptions of barriers to and enablers of adequate nutrition care and dietary intake of medical inpatients.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study design incorporating group and individual interviews of patients (n = 14), their family members (n = 4), and health care professionals (n = 18) was undertaken. Participants were recruited pragmatically, using a mix of convenience and purposive sampling. A theoretically informed, semi-structured interview schedule was based on observations of practice and the Theoretical Domains Framework. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using a general inductive approach.ResultsThree key themes emerged from analysing participant interviews. Siloed approaches to nutrition care reflected the diverse range of health care professionals responsible for nutrition care but who often worked in isolation from their colleagues. Competing work priorities for nurses reflected the challenge in prioritise nutrition care which was often constrained because of other care needs or work-related pressures. Helping patients to eat highlighted that nurses were often the only health care professional who would provide assistance to patients at mealtimes and lack of available staff could negatively influence patients' nutrition intakes.ConclusionsWe have identified many complex and interrelated barriers which preclude adequate dietary intake in acute medical patients. These predominantly reflect issues inherent in the hospital culture and environment. Multi-faceted and sustainable interventions that support a facilitating nutrition culture and multidisciplinary collaboration, inclusive of patients and families, are needed to address these underlying barriers.
| S-EPMC6608649 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An online survey was conducted to determine associations between transport management and transport-related injuries and diseases in horses in Australia. The survey was composed of three sections: respondents' demographic information, transport management strategies or procedures (before, during and after transportation) and transport diseases experienced in the previous two year period. Univariate and multivariate modelling was performed exploring associations between variables (respondents' details and transport management strategies) and the following transport-related diseases as outcomes: traumatic injuries, diarrhoea, heat stroke, muscular problems, laminitis, transport pneumonia and colic. The survey generated 797 responses. Traumatic injuries were the most common transport-related problem, with a reported incidence of 45.0%. Younger respondents (<40 years old) caring for large numbers of horses (>30 in a week) were more likely to report transport-related injuries. Injury risk was also linked to the use of protections and tranquilizers prior to transport, and checking horses after the journey. Diarrhoea (20.0%) and heat stroke (10.5%) were reported more by amateur than professional horse carers. Increased risk of heat stroke was linked to the restriction of hay and water prior to transportation. Muscular problems (13.0%) appeared to be exacerbated when horse health was not assessed before journey; whilst the risk of laminitis (2.9%) was around three fold greater when post transport recovery strategies were not applied. Associations were made between transport pneumonia (9.2%) and duration of journey, and with activity (horses involved in racing at greater risk). No associations were seen between the incidence of colic (10.3%) and the variables examined. Study findings should be interpreted with caution as they represent participant perceptions and recall. Nevertheless, results support many current recommendations for safe transportation of horses. They also highlight the need to further investigate many of identified management factors to refine existing policies and practices in equine transportation.
| S-EPMC5010189 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In order to investigate the gene expression profile related to rice internode growth under different nitrogen management practices, Agilent two color microarray chips were used to profile the differentially expressed genes of rice first internode between two nitrogen management. A rice cultivars Yin-Jing-Ruan-Zhan was used as material. First basal internode of YJRZ was taken at 30 days after transplanting, and RNA was extracted for microarray assay. Materials from OPT were label by Cy5 and FFP by Cy3.
2017-08-25 | GSE103063 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundWith a lack of United States federal policy to address climate change, cities, the private sector, and universities have shouldered much of the work to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine how landcover characteristics influence the amount of carbon (C) sequestered and respired via biological processes, evaluating the role of land management on the overall C budget of an urban university. Boston University published a comprehensive Climate Action Plan in 2017 with the goal of achieving C neutrality by 2040. In this study, we digitized and discretized each of Boston University's three urban campuses into landcover types, with C sequestration and respiration rates measured and scaled to provide a University-wide estimate of biogenic C fluxes within the broader context of total University emissions.ResultsEach of Boston University's three highly urban campuses were net sources of biogenic C to the atmosphere. While trees were estimated to sequester 0.6?±?0.2 kg C m-2 canopy cover year-1, mulch and lawn areas in 2018 emitted C at rates of 1.7?±?0.4 kg C m-2 year-1 and 1.4?±?0.4 kg C m-2 year-1, respectively. C uptake by tree canopy cover, which can spatially overlap lawn and mulched landcovers, was not large enough to offset biogenic emissions. The proportion of biogenic emissions to Scope 1 anthropogenic emissions on each campus varied from 0.5% to 2%, and depended primarily on the total anthropogenic emissions on each campus.ConclusionsOur study quantifies the role of urban landcover in local C budgets, offering insights on how landscaping management strategies-such as decreasing mulch application rates and expanding tree canopy extent-can assist universities in minimizing biogenic C emissions and even potentially creating a small biogenic C sink. Although biogenic C fluxes represent a small fraction of overall anthropogenic emissions on urban university campuses, these biogenic fluxes are under active management by the university and should be included in climate action plans.
| S-EPMC7792215 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The increase in donkeys treated by practitioners in recent years has led to an increased interest in finding more information on basic biochemical preliminary reference values. The aims of this study were to measure Se and Vit E levels in plasma from Miranda jennies peripartum and postpartum and in their foals to compare blood profiles of the jenny and foal related to the overall foal's health. Twenty-two healthy peripartum and postpartum Miranda donkeys were sampled (12 jennies and 10 foals) in the northeast of Portugal (Atenor and Paradela) from May to November, 2018. Amounts of selenium in soil were significantly correlated (0.97) to concentrations of selenium in jennies (42.412 μg/L in Atenor and 9.612 μg/L in Paradela) and foals (19.378 μg/L in Atenor and 6.430 μg/L in Paradela). Selenium levels were lower in foals than adults and in males than females. Vitamin E was associated with overall foal health. Foals with a mean vitamin E of 3.585-5.307 mg/L showed signs of weakness, but carpal flexural deformities were observed when the average vitamin E was 11.520 mg/L. Low vitamin E levels (5.307 mg/L) in jennies were related to foal mortality. Diets, location, parity, and age affect blood profiles of jennies and, ultimately, foal health.
| S-EPMC8231900 | biostudies-literature