Dataset Information

Comparative analysis of rhizosphere soil physiochemical characteristics and microbial communities between rusty and healthy ginseng root.

ABSTRACT: Ginseng rusty root (GRR) symptom is one of the primary diseases of ginseng. There has been a problem of ginseng rusty root, leading to a severe decline in the quality of ginseng. To clarify the relationship between root symptoms of ginseng rust and soil, the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, community structure and microbial diversity of GRR and healthy ginseng (HG) rhizosphere soil were analyzed and compared. The pH and redox potential (Eh) of GRR soil decreased, and the contents of total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) decreased. The activity of catalase and phosphatase and invertase was lower than that of HG groups. Besides, the microbial community of GRR rhizosphere soil changes much, and its abundance and diversity are significantly reduced. The community structure of GRR rhizosphere soil also shows apparent differences, and the samples of the HG group gathered together, and the samples of the GRR group were dispersed. In general, GRR was closely associated with decreases in soil pH and Eh; decreases in TP, AP, and AK; decreases in the activity of several enzymes. Additionally, it is strongly associated with an increase in pathogenic microorganisms such as Ilyonectria and a reduction of beneficial microorganisms such as Tremellomycetes Acidobacteria subgroup 6 and Gemmatimonadetes.

SUBMITTER: Bian X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7519692 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative analysis of rhizosphere soil physiochemical characteristics and microbial communities between rusty and healthy ginseng root.

Bian Xingbo X Xiao Shengyuan S Zhao Yan Y Xu Yonghua Y Yang He H Zhang Lianxue L

Scientific reports 20200925 1

Ginseng rusty root (GRR) symptom is one of the primary diseases of ginseng. There has been a problem of ginseng rusty root, leading to a severe decline in the quality of ginseng. To clarify the relationship between root symptoms of ginseng rust and soil, the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, community structure and microbial diversity of GRR and healthy ginseng (HG) rhizosphere soil were analyzed and compared. The pH and redox potential (Eh) of GRR soil decreased, and the conten ...[more]

PMID: 32978430

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Project description:Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship between soil microbial community composition and rusty roots are vital for the production of high-quality ginseng. Here, high-throughput sequencing was employed to systematically characterize changes in the soil microbial community associated with rusty roots. Fungal diversity was lower in the soils of rusty root-affected P. ginseng than in those of healthy plants. Importantly, principal coordinate analysis separated the fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of rusty root-affected ginseng from those of healthy plants. The dominant bacterial and fungal genera differed significantly between rhizosphere soils of healthy and rusty root-affected P. ginseng, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further indicated a strong imbalance in the soil microbial community of diseased plants. Significantly enriched bacterial genera (including Rhodomicrobium, Knoellia, Nakamurella, Asticcacaulis, and Actinomadura) were mainly detected in the soil of rusty root-affected P. ginseng, whereas significantly enriched fungal genera (including Xenopolyscytalum, Arthrobotrys, Chalara, Cryptococcus, and Scutellinia) were primarily detected in the soil of healthy plants. Importantly, five fungal genera (Cylindrocarpon, Acrophialophora, Alternaria, Doratomyces, and Fusarium) were significantly enriched in the soil of rusty root-affected plants compared with that of healthy plants, suggesting that an increase in the relative abundance of these pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, and Fusarium) may be associated with ginseng rusty roots. Additionally, this study is the first to report that an increase in the relative abundances of Acrophialophora and Doratomyces in the rhizosphere of P. ginseng may be associated with the onset of rusty root symptoms in this plant. Our findings provide potentially useful information for developing biological control strategies against rusty root, as well as scope for future screening of fungal pathogens in rusty roots of P. ginseng.

Project description:The microbial communities in rhizosphere soil play important roles in plant health and crop productivity. However, the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil still remains unclear. In this study, the composition, diversity and function of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants were compared using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The Sobs (richness) and Shannon (diversity) indices of the soil microbial communities were higher in the rhizospheres of 2- and 3-year-old susceptible plants than in those of the healthy plants. With the increase in planting time, the numbers of fungi tended to decrease, while those of the bacteria tended to increase. Fungal diversity could be used as a biological indicator to measure the health of Knoxia roxburghii. The microbial composition and differential analyses revealed that the rhizosphere soil infested with fungi had a higher relative abundance at the phylum level in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while the bacteria had a higher relative abundance of Chloroflexi and a lower relative abundance of Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, the rhizosphere soil infested with fungi had relatively more abundant unclassified_f__Didymellaceae and Solicoccozyma and relatively less abundant Saitozyma and Penicillium. The bacterial genus norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae was the most abundant, while Arthrobacter was less abundant. In addition, the abundance of Fusarium in the fungal community varied (p = 0.001). It tended to increase in parallel with the planting years. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the change in the community composition of Fusarium may be the primary reason for the occurrence of root rot in K. roxburghii, and the change in the abundance of Fusarium OTU1450 may be an indication of the occurrence of root rot in this species. The community function and prediction analyses showed that the pathogenic fungi increased with the increase in planting years. In general, soil fungi can be roughly divided into three types, including pathotrophs, symbiotrophs, and saprotrophs. An analysis of the differences in the prediction of different rhizosphere functions showed that D and L were significantly different in the COG enrichment pathway of the K. roxburghii rhizosphere bacteria (p < 0.05). The soil physical and chemical properties, including the pH, AK, total potassium (TK), and catalase (S_CAT), had the most significant effect on the soil fungal community, and most of the soil physical and chemical properties significantly correlated with the bacterial community. This study demonstrated that the occurrence of root rot had an important effect on the diversity, structure and composition of microbial communities. In addition, the results will provide a theoretical basis to prevent and control root rot in K. roxburghii.

Dataset Information

Comparative analysis of rhizosphere soil physiochemical characteristics and microbial communities between rusty and healthy ginseng root.

Publications

Comparative analysis of rhizosphere soil physiochemical characteristics and microbial communities between rusty and healthy ginseng root.

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