Inflammatory Biomarkers Do Not Differ Between Persistently Seronegative vs Seropositive People With HIV After Treatment in Early Acute HIV Infection
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cai C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7519777 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Among 1107 cryptococcosis cases from the French surveillance network (2005-2020), the proportion of HIV-seronegative individuals has recently surpassed that of HIV-seropositive individuals. We observed marked differences in patient characteristics, disease presentations, cryptococcal antigen results, infecting species, and mortality according to HIV serostatus.
| S-EPMC10854213 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare colposcopic findings and the accuracy of colposcopic impression in HIV seropositive and seronegative women with abnormal Pap tests.MethodsHIV seropositive and seronegative women in a national cohort study had Pap tests collected every six months, with colposcopy for any abnormal result. Prospectively collected colposcopy and histology findings were analyzed retrospectively using Pearson Chi-square, t-test and Wilcoxon two-sample tests, logistic regression models, and Kappa coefficients.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and Pap result, 1618 eligible HIV seropositive women were more likely than 406 seronegative women to have inadequate colposcopic examinations, abnormal colposcopic findings, and large cervical lesions. However, among those with abnormal colposcopy, colposcopic characteristics and lesion size and number did not differ by HIV serostatus. Agreement between colposcopists' impressions and highest grade biopsy diagnoses was fair (kappa coefficient 0.35, 95% C.I. 0.31, 0.38). Agreement did not differ by HIV serostatus and did not improve with multiple biopsies (weighted kappa coefficient 0.35, 95% C.I. 0.32, 0.39) or after including all histology results over two years following colposcopy.ConclusionAlthough HIV seropositive women with abnormal cytology are more likely to have colposcopic abnormality, the performance of colposcopy appears to be similar to that in HIV seronegative women. Biopsy is required to confirm colposcopic impression.
| S-EPMC4268004 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Diarrheal diseases (DD) have distinct etiological profiles in immune-deficient and immune-competent patients. This study compares detection rates, genotype distribution and viral loads of different enteric viral agents in HIV-1 seropositive (n = 200) and HIV-1 seronegative (n = 125) children hospitalized with DD in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Except for group A rotavirus (RVA), which were detected through enzyme immunoassay, the other enteric viruses (norovirus [NoV], astrovirus [HAstV], adenovirus [HAdV] and bocavirus [HBoV]) were detected through PCR or RT-PCR. A quantitative PCR was performed for RVA, NoV, HAstV, HAdV and HBoV. Infections with NoV (19% vs. 9.6%; p<0.001), HBoV (14% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.042) and HAdV (30.5% vs. 14.4%; p<0.001) were significantly more frequent among HIV-1 seropositive children. RVA was significantly less frequent among HIV-1 seropositive patients (6.5% vs. 20%; p<0.001). Similarly, frequency of infection with HAstV was lower among HIV-1 seropositive children (5.5% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.018). Among HIV-1 seropositive children 33 (16.5%) had co-infections, including three enteric viruses, such as NoV, HBoV and HAdV (n = 2) and NoV, HAstV and HAdV (n = 2). The frequency of infection with more than one virus was 17 (13.6%) in the HIV-1 negative group, triple infection (NoV + HAstV + HBoV) being observed in only one patient. The median viral load of HAstV in feces was significantly higher among HIV-1 positive children compared to HIV-1 negative children. Concerning children infected with RVA, NoV, HBoV and HAdV, no statistically significant differences were observed in the medians of viral loads in feces, comparing HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative children. Similar detection rates were observed for RVA, HAstV and HAdV, whilst NoV and HBoV were significantly more prevalent among children with CD4+ T lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm3. Enteric viruses should be considered an important cause of DD in HIV-1 seropositive children, along with pathogens more classically associated with intestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts.
| S-EPMC5576665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiagnosing seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be challenging due to complex diagnostic criteria. We sought to discover diagnostic biomarkers for seronegative RA cases by studying metabolomic and lipidomic changes in RA patient serum.MethodsWe performed comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling in serum of 225 RA patients and 100 normal controls. These samples were divided into a discovery set (n = 243) and a validation set (n = 82). A machine-learning-based multivariate classification model was constructed using distinctive metabolites and lipids signals.ResultsTwenty-six metabolites and lipids were identified from the discovery cohort to construct a RA diagnosis model. The model was subsequently tested on a validation set and achieved accuracy of 90.2%, with sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 90.6%. Both seropositive and seronegative patients were identified using this model. A co-occurrence network using serum omics profiles was built and parsed into six modules, showing significant association between the inflammation and immune activity markers and aberrant metabolism of energy metabolism, lipids metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Acyl carnitines (20:3), aspartyl-phenylalanine, pipecolic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine PE (18:1) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine LPE (20:3) were positively correlated with the RA disease activity, while histidine and phosphatidic acid PA (28:0) were negatively correlated with the RA disease activity.ConclusionsA panel of 26 serum markers were selected from omics profiles to build a machine-learning-based prediction model that could aid in diagnosing seronegative RA patients. Potential markers were also identified in stratifying RA cases based on disease activity.
| S-EPMC8650414 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Most HIV-seropositive subjects in western countries receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although many aspects of their health have been studied, little is known about their vestibular and balance function. The goals of this study were to determine the prevalences of vestibular and balance impairments among HIV-seropositive and comparable seronegative men and women and to determine if those groups differed.Standard screening tests of vestibular and balance function, including head thrusts, Dix-Hallpike maneuvers, and Romberg balance tests on compliant foam were performed during semiannual study visits of participants who were enrolled in the Baltimore and Washington, D. C. sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study.No significant differences by HIV status were found on most tests, but HIV-seropositive subjects who were using HAART had a lower frequency of abnormal Dix-Hallpike nystagmus than HIV-seronegative subjects. A significant number of nonclassical Dix-Hallpike responses were found. Age was associated with Romberg scores on foam with eyes closed. Sex was not associated with any of the test scores.These findings suggest that HAART-treated HIV infection has no harmful association with vestibular function in community-dwelling, ambulatory men and women. The association with age was expected, but the lack of association with sex was unexpected. The presence of nonclassical Dix-Hallpike responses might be consistent with central nervous system lesions.
| S-EPMC3364989 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundProximal tubular dysfunction (PTD) is common in HIV-positive persons and has been associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). However, few studies have assessed the natural history PTD in HIV-positive and -negative individuals, or the association of PTD with the subsequent trajectory of directly measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR).MethodsWe followed 192 HIV-positive and 100 HIV-negative, nondiabetic participants for 3 years. We measured 3 PTD markers (normoglycemic glycosuria, fractional excretion of phosphorus, and tubular proteinuria) and mGFR (by iohexol disappearance from serum) annually. We used univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation logistic regression to identify factors associated with PTD across all visits and linear mixed effects models to assess the association between baseline PTD and mGFR slope.ResultsCompared with HIV-negative participants, HIV-positive persons that were not taking antiretroviral therapy were at increased risk of PTD (adjusted odds ratio 3.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.65 to 6.71), whereas those taking a TDF-based or a TDF-sparing regimen were not at significantly increased risk of PTD. Among HIV-positive participants, uncontrolled viremia was a strong correlate of PTD. Forty-nine of 55 (89%) participants with PTD at baseline had at least 1 subsequent visit without PTD. There was no association between baseline PTD and rate of decline in mGFR over time.ConclusionsPoorly controlled HIV may be a stronger risk factor for PTD than TDF use. The individual-level variability of the PTD markers over time was high, potentially limiting their usefulness for routine screening in unselected patients. Baseline PTD was not associated with subsequent mGFR slope.
| S-EPMC5388566 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increased amongst people living with HIV (PLWH) and are driven by persistent immune activation. The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in immune activation amongst PLWH is unknown, especially in low-income sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where such impacts may be particularly severe.MethodsWe recruited Malawian adults with CD4<100 cells/ul two weeks after starting ART in the REALITY trial (NCT01825031), as well as volunteers without HIV infection. Clinical assessment, socioeconomic evaluation, blood draw for immune activation markers and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were carried out at 2- and 42-weeks post-ART initiation. Socioeconomic risk factors for immune activation and arterial stiffness were assessed using linear regression models.ResultsOf 279 PLWH, the median (IQR) age was 36 (31-43) years and 122 (44%) were female. Activated CD8 T-cells increased from 70% amongst those with no education to 88% amongst those with a tertiary education (p = 0.002); and from 71% amongst those earning less than 10 USD/month to 87% amongst those earning between 100-150 USD/month (p = 0.0001). Arterial stiffness was also associated with higher SES (car ownership p = 0.003, television ownership p = 0.012 and electricity access p = 0.029). Conversely, intermediate monocytes were higher amongst those with no education compared to a tertiary education (12.6% versus 7.3%; p = 0.01) and trended towards being higher amongst those earning less than 10 USD/month compared to 100-150 USD/month (10.5% versus 8.0%; p = 0.08). Water kiosk use showed a protective association against T cell activation (p = 0.007), as well as endothelial damage (MIP1β, sICAM1 and sVCAM1 p = 0.047, 0.026 and 0.031 respectively).ConclusionsSocioeconomic risk factors for persistent inflammation amongst PLWH in SSA differ depending on the type of inflammatory pathway. Understanding these pathways and their socioeconomic drivers will help identify those at risk and target interventions for NCDs. Future studies assessing drivers of inflammation in HIV should include an SES assessment.
| S-EPMC8386842 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInfection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (B. b. sl) spirochetes can cause Lyme borreliosis, manifesting as localized infection (e.g. erythema migrans) or disseminated disease (e.g. Lyme neuroborreliosis). Generally, patients with disseminated Lyme borreliosis will produce an antibody response several weeks post-infection. So far, no case of neuroborreliosis has been described with persistently negative serology one month after infection.Case presentationWe present a patient with a history of Mantle cell lymphoma and treatment with R-CHOP (rituximab, doxorubicine, vincristine, cyclofosfamide, prednisone), with a meningo-encephalitis, who was treated for a suspected lymphoma relapse. However, no malignant cells or other signs of malignancy were found, and microbial tests did not reveal any clues, including Borrelia serology. He did not recall being bitten by ticks, and a Borrelia PCR on CSF was negative. After spontaneous improvement of symptoms, he was discharged without definite diagnosis. Several weeks later, he was readmitted with a relapse of symptoms of meningo-encephalitis. This time however, a Borrelia PCR on CSF was positive, confirmed by two independent laboratories, and the patient received ceftriaxone upon which he partially recovered. Interestingly, during the diagnostic process of this exceptionally difficult case, a variety of different serological assays for Borrelia antibodies remained negative. Only P41 (flagellin) IgG was detected by blot and the Liaison IgG became equivocal 2 months after initial testing.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge this is the first case of neuroborreliosis that is seronegative on repeated sera and multiple test modalities. This unique case demonstrates the difficulty to diagnose neuroborreliosis in severely immunocompromised patients. In this case, a delay in diagnosis was caused by broad differential diagnosis, an absent known history of tick bites, negative serology and the low sensitivity of PCR on CSF. Therefore, awareness of the diagnostic limitations to detect Borrelia infection in this specific patient category is warranted.
| S-EPMC6090844 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To construct longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use in a sample of men who have sex with men living with or at-risk for HIV infection. We determined factors associated with distinct trajectories of use as well as those that serve to modify the course of the trajectory. Data were from 3658 [1439 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 2219 HIV-seronegative (HIV-)] participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Frequency of marijuana use was obtained semiannually over a 29-year period (1984-2013). Group-based trajectory models were used to identify the trajectories and to determine predictors and modifiers of the trajectories over time. Four distinct trajectories of marijuana use were identified: abstainer/infrequent (65 %), decreaser (13 %), increaser (12 %) and chronic high (10 %) use groups. HIV+ status was significantly associated with increased odds of membership in the decreaser, increaser and chronic high use groups. Alcohol, smoking, stimulant and other recreational drug use were associated with increasing marijuana use across all four trajectory groups. Antiretroviral therapy use over time was associated with decreasing marijuana use in the abstainer/infrequent and increaser trajectory groups. Having a detectable HIV viral load was associated with increasing marijuana use in the increaser group only. Future investigations are needed to determine whether long-term patterns of use are associated with adverse consequences especially among HIV+ persons.
| S-EPMC5136352 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCytokines are signaling molecules operating within complex cascade patterns and having exceptional modulatory functions. They impact various physiological processes such as neuroendocrine and metabolic interactions, neurotrophins' metabolism, neuroplasticity, and may affect behavior and cognition. In our previous study, we found that sex and Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-serostatus may modulate levels of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, metabolic factors, immune cells, and cognitive performance, as well as associations between them.ResultsIn the present study, we used a graph-theoretical approach to investigate the network topology dynamics of 22 circulating biomarkers and 11 measures of cognitive performance in 161 older participants recruited to undergo a six-months training intervention. For network construction, we applied coefficient of determination (R 2 ) that was calculated for all possible pairs of variables (N = 33) in four groups (CMV- men and women; CMV+ men and women). Network topology has been evaluated by clustering coefficient (CC) and characteristic path length (CPL) as well as local (E local ) and global (E global ) efficiency, showing the degree of network segregation (CC and E local ) and integration (CPL and E global ). We found that networks under consideration showed small-world networks properties with more random characteristics. Mean CC, as well as local and global efficiency were highest and CPL shortest in CMV- males (having lowest inflammatory status and highest cognitive performance). CMV- and CMV+ females did not show any significant differences. Modularity analyses showed that the networks exhibit in all cases highly differentiated modular organization (with Q-value ranged between 0.397 and 0.453).ConclusionsIn this work, we found that segregation and integration properties of the network were notably stronger in the group with balanced inflammatory status. We were also able to confirm our previous findings that CMV-infection and sex modulate multiple circulating biomarkers and cognitive performance and that balanced inflammatory and metabolic status in elderly contributes to better cognitive functioning. Thus, network analyses provide a useful strategy for visualization and quantitative description of multiple interactions between various circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, hormones, neurotrophic and metabolic factors, immune cells, and measures of cognitive performance and can be in general applied for analyzing interactions between different physiological systems.
| S-EPMC6894301 | biostudies-literature