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Effect of vegetable oils with different fatty acid composition on high-fat diet-induced obesity and colon inflammation

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Different fatty acids exert different health benefits. This study investigated the potential protective effects of perilla, olive, and safflower oils on high-fat diet-induced obesity and colon inflammation. MATERIALS/METHODS Five-week old, C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 5 groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and high-fat diet supplemented with-perilla oil (HPO), olive oil (HOO), and safflower oil (HSO). After 16 weeks of the experimental period, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and tissues were collected. The serum was analyzed for obesity- and inflammation-related biomarkers. Gene expression of the biomarkers in the liver, adipose tissue, and colon tissue was analyzed. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed one week before sacrifice. RESULTS Treatment with all the three oils significantly improved obesity-induced increases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat weight as well as serum triglyceride and leptin levels. Treatment with perilla oil (PO) and safflower oil (SO) increased adiponectin levels. The micro-CT analysis revealed that PO and SO reduced abdominal fat volume considerably. The mRNA expression of lipogenic genes was reduced in all the three oil-supplemented groups and PO upregulated lipid oxidation in the liver. Supplementation of oils improved macroscopic score, increased colon length, and decreased serum endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the colon. The abundance of Bifidobacteria was increased and that of Enterobacteriaceae was reduced in the PO-supplemented group. All three oils reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, as indicated by the mRNA expression. In addition, PO increased the expression of tight junction proteins. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that the three oils exert similar anti-obesity effects. Interestingly, compared with olive oil and SO, PO provides better protection against high-fat diet-induced colon inflammation, suggesting that PO consumption helps manage inflammation-related diseases and provides omega-3 fatty acids needed by the body.

SUBMITTER: Thomas S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7520558 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background: Accumulating data support the fact that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the progression of obesity and its related metabolic disease. Sex-related differences are an important consideration in the study of gut microbiota. Polyphenols can regulate gut microbiota, thereby improving obesity and its associated complications. There have been no studies conducted on the ability of honokiol (HON, an extract from Chinese herbal medicine) to regulate gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to examine whether HON supplementation would improve obesity by regulating the gut microbiota and its related metabolite levels, and whether there were sex-based differences in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice (n = 120) were fed a normal chow diet (ND group), high-fat diet (HFD group), or HFD plus HON at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW for 8 weeks. Body weight, adipose tissue weight, adipocyte diameter, insulin resistance, blood lipid and serum inflammatory cytokines, gut microbiota, and its metabolite were examined at the end of the experiment. Results: The HON supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight, adipocyte diameter, insulin resistance, blood lipid, and serum inflammatory cytokine levels in HFD-fed mice, and this effect was significant in the high-dose group. In addition, HON not only reversed gut disorders in HFD-fed mice, such as by enhanced the abundance of Akkermansia and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing Bacteroides and reduced Oscillospira, but also improved the SCFAs and endotoxin (LPS) levels, although there were sex-based differences. The correlation between several specific genera and obesity-related indexes was revealed through Spearman's correlation analysis. Moreover, HON may have dose-dependent effects on regulating gut microbiota to alleviate obesity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that HON can prevent diet-induced obesity and its associated diseases by regulating the gut microbiota and improving microbial metabolite levels. Moreover, our findings indicate that sex may be an important factor affecting HON activity.

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Effect of vegetable oils with different fatty acid composition on high-fat diet-induced obesity and colon inflammation

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