Be Aware Not Reactive: Testing a Mediated-Moderation Model of Dark Triad and Perceived Victimization via Self-Regulatory Approach
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SUBMITTER: Khan H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7522326 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The Dirty Dozen (Jonason & Webster, 2010) is a frequently used concise version of the Dark Triad to measure three socially aversive personality traits: Machiavellianism, psychopathy and, narcissism. The present study has examined measurement invariance in a sample of Belgian adults. The present study aims to assess measurement invariance of the Dutch version of the Dirty Dozen measure across gender in a large city-based representative adult sample in Belgium (N = 1587). Multi-group first-order confirmatory factor analysis for categorical indicators was utilized. In addition, unique associations between Dirty Dozen traits, trait self-control and, acceptance of illegitimate norms were examined in a series of structural equation models. Results indicated that the internal consistency of the Dirty Dozen subscales was good for Machiavellianism (α = 0.80) and narcissism (α = 0.80), but modest for psychopathy (α = 0.64). The hypothesized three correlated factors model with separate factors for Machiavellianism, psychopathy and, narcissism provided a poor fit for men and women. Invariance testing across gender showed evidence for weak invariance only, indicating that the underlying latent factors are measured the same way with the same metric in the two populations. However, we were not able to establish strong measurement invariance. Observed group differences should be interpreted with caution. Furthermore, Machiavellianism and psychopathy were strongly associated with trait self-control in both men and women. Strong correlations were found between acceptance of illegitimate norms and Dirty Dozen traits, Machiavellianism and, psychopathy, but not with narcissism.
| S-EPMC8698221 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction The dark triad is composed by the personality traits Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy (MNP). Their complexity can make them difficult to interrelate. Artificial intelligence (AI) could help in this endeavour. Objectives To investigate whether AI could predict MNP from themselves. Methods Data from 210 questionnaires were analysed using an AI. The short Dark Triad questionnaire (SD3) was used to assess MNP. Two of the MNP scores were employed to predict the third one and the procedure was repeated for all of them alternatively. The AI was conservatively tuned to maximize the one-way random intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between predicted and real values. Pearson’s r was calculated too. The free and open source programming language R was used for all the analyses. Dataset source: Borráz-León, Javier I. (2020), “Dark triad, attractiveness, mate value, and sexual partners”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/87vx6jfnrp.1 Results Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy predictions obtained ICC of 0.593, 0.335, 0.505 and Pearson’s r of 0.608, 0.346, 0.548 respectively. The results were indicative of fair performance, mainly for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Conclusions AI might be useful to predict MNP. This could be utile in many situations, such as dealing with missing data or deciding whether to formally test someone. Finally, the AI used in this study is freely available, allowing anyone to experiment. Disclosure No significant relationships.
| S-EPMC9471593 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The current research examined the link between both normal and malevolent personality, proactive attitude, and self-perceived employability across some highly investigated (Belgium, Switzerland) and under-investigated populations of sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., Togo), considering proactive attitude as a potential mediator and self-perceived employability as an outcome. Conducting such a study in contexts which present notable differences in political organization and linguistic diversity, might contribute to enriching the literature on the relationships between personality and self-perceived employability. A sample of 968 participants aged 18 to 85 including 335 Belgians (50% women), 279 Swiss (58.1% women) and 354 Togolese (43.5% women) completed a French version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ/SF), Short Dark Triad (SD3), Proactive Attitude Scale (PAS), and Perceived Employability Scale (PES). All four instruments exhibited metric invariance but did not systematically show scalar invariance across the three countries. ZKA-PQ/SF's activity and neuroticism and SD3's narcissism dimensions predicted perceived employability, and these relations were fully or partially mediated by proactive attitude in all cultural contexts. Moreover, perceived employability was predicted by aggressiveness and psychopathy in the Swiss sample and by sensation seeking in both the Swiss and the Belgian samples. Finally, proactive attitude fully mediated between sensation seeking and employability in Belgium and partially between psychopathy and employability in Switzerland. This study illustrates that the link between personality and employability may be mediated by proactive attitude and that these links may be quite robust across cultures.
| S-EPMC7380056 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) are associated to emotional frigidity, antagonism, immoral strategic thinking, betrayal, exploitation, and sexual promiscuity. Despite the fact that character is a complex adaptive system, almost every study has solely investigated the linear association between malevolent character and attitudes towards both swearing and sociosexual orientation (i.e., behavior, attitude, and desire regarding promiscuous sexual behavior). In contrast, the aim in this set of studies was to evaluate these associations in relation to specific profiles of malevolent character (i.e., the Dark Cube). In two studies participants responded to the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, the Taboo Words' Offensiveness and Usage Inventories (i.e., attitudes towards 30 swear words' level of offensiveness and usage) (Study 1: N 1 = 1,000) and the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory Revised (Study 2: N 2 = 309). Participants were clustered according to all eight possible combinations based on their dark trait scores (M/m = high/low Machiavellianism; N/n = high/low narcissism; P/p = high/low psychopathy). The results of this nonlinear approach suggested that the frequent usage, not level of offensiveness, of swear words was associated to Machiavellianism and narcissism. In other words, individuals with high levels in these traits might swear and are verbally offensive often, because they do not see swearing as offensive (cf. with the attitude-behavior-cognition-hypothesis of taboo words; Rosenberg, Sikström & Garcia, 2017). Moreover, promiscuous sociosexual attitude and desire were related to each dark trait only when the other two were low. Additionally, promiscuous sociosexual behavior was not associated to these malevolent character traits. That is, individuals high in the dark traits are willing to and have the desire to engage in sexual relations without closeness, commitment, and other indicators of emotional bonding. However, they do not report high levels of previous sexual experience, relationships, and infidelity. Hence, they approve and desire for it, but they are not actually doing it. The use of person-centered and non-linear methods, such as the Dark Character Cube, seem helpful in the advancement of a coherent theory of a biopsychosocial model of dark character.
| S-EPMC7391971 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Dark Triad (DT) is composed of three closely related personality traits: psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism. These traits have been linked to emotional deficits. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the DT traits, including sub-dimensions, and depressive symptoms in order to identify those factors most strongly associated with the development of depression in individuals scoring high on DT. For these purposes, a total of 791 adults (M = 35.76 years; 24.91% males) completed a questionnaire battery including DT traits and depression measures. A positive significant correlation was found between psychopathy and Machiavellianism traits (total score and all sub-dimensions) and depressive symptoms. For narcissism, the direction of the correlation was dependent on the sub-dimension assessed. A model explaining 26.2% of the depressive symptoms scores was composed of the callous affect and criminal tendencies sub-dimensions of psychopathy, cynical view of human nature, which is a sub-dimension of Machiavellianism, and entitlement and self-sufficiency, which are sub-dimensions of narcissism. In addition, some of the relationships found between DT sub-dimensions and depressive symptoms appeared to depend on gender. Our results could have implications for detection and intervention programs aimed at decreasing the negative emotional consequences suffered by individuals with high DT scores. Limitations and future lines of research are discussed.
| S-EPMC6886484 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Autoreactive B cells are silenced through receptor editing, clonal deletion and anergy induction. Additional autoreactive B cells are ignorant because of physical segregation from their cognate autoantigen. Unexpectedly, we find that follicular B cell-derived autoantigen, including cell surface molecules such as FcγRIIB, is a class of homeostatic autoantigen that can induce spontaneous germinal centers (GCs) and B cell-reactive autoantibodies in non-autoimmune animals with intact T and B cell repertoires. These B cell-reactive B cells form GCs in a manner dependent on spontaneous follicular helper T (TFH) cells, which preferentially recognize B cell-derived autoantigen, and in a manner constrained by spontaneous follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, which also carry specificities for B cell-derived autoantigen. B cell-reactive GC cells are continuously generated and, following immunization or infection, become intermixed with foreign antigen-induced GCs. Production of plasma cells and antibodies derived from B cell-reactive GC cells are markedly enhanced by viral infection, potentially increasing the chance for autoimmunity. Consequently, immune homeostasis in healthy animals not only involves classical tolerance of silencing and ignoring autoreactive B cells but also entails a reactive equilibrium attained by a spontaneous B cell-reactive triad of B cells, TFH cells and TFR cells.
| S-EPMC10978943 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although numerous studies have focused on personality traits related to well-being, the relationship between the Dark Triad Traits and eudaimonic well-being is still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to explore how the Dark Triad Traits (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) affect eudaimonic well-being. Further, this study also aimed to explore the mediation effect of family support and hedonic wellbeing. The results showed that the present model had a good model fit (χ2/df = 1.91, p < 0.001, comparative-fit-index (CFI) = 0.96, tucker-lewis-index (TLI) = 0.95, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.04). There is a significant association between the Dark Triad Traits and eudaimonic wellbeing. Specifically, narcissism directly predicts eudaimonic wellbeing, while the effects of Machiavellianism and psychopathy on eudaimonic wellbeing are serial two-mediator models, which are mediated by family support and hedonic wellbeing. The results would enrich theoretical studies on personality while providing some practical evidence on how to improve the subjective well-being of individuals.
| S-EPMC8602073 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This research attempts to empirically examine the role of dark personalities (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) on academics' knowledge hiding behavior (KHB) with the mediating effect of psychological entitlement. The data were conveniently collected using Google Form from the faculty members serving in 5 public universities of Bangladesh. This study employed PLS-SEM estimation to test the hypotheses on a sample of 219. The results of this study revealed a significant direct influence of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism on KHB. Moreover, psychological entitlement mediated the relationship between the dark triad traits and KHB. This research contributes to the literature by revealing how dark triad traits influence academics' KHB via psychological entitlement. The practical implications for the concerned authorities, limitations, and avenues for future research are also highlighted.
| S-EPMC9257334 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Self-expressiveness is a mathematical property that aims at characterizing the relationship between instances in a dataset. This property has been applied widely and successfully in computer-vision tasks, time-series analysis, and to infer underlying network structures in domains including protein signaling interactions and social-networks activity. Nevertheless, despite its potential, self-expressiveness has not been explicitly used to infer gene networks. In this article, we present Generalizable Gene Self-Expressive Networks, a new, interpretable, and generalization-aware formalism to model gene networks, and we propose two methods: GXN•EN and GXN•OMP, based respectively on ElasticNet and OMP (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit), to infer and assess Generalizable Gene Self-Expressive Networks. We evaluate these methods on four Microarray datasets from the DREAM5 benchmark, using both internal and external metrics. The results obtained by both methods are comparable to those obtained by state-of-the-art tools, but are fast to train and exhibit high levels of sparsity, which make them easier to interpret. Moreover we applied these methods to three complex datasets containing RNA-seq informations from different mammalian tissues/cell-types. Lastly, we applied our methodology to compare a normal vs. a disease condition (Alzheimer), which allowed us to detect differential expression of genes' sub-networks between these two biological conditions. Globally, the gene networks obtained exhibit a sparse and modular structure, with inner communities of genes presenting statistically significant over/under-expression on specific cell types, as well as significant enrichment for some anatomical GO terms, suggesting that such communities may also drive important functional roles.
| S-EPMC10046116 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The prevalence of select substructures is an indicator of network effects in applications such as social network analysis and systems biology. Moreover, subgraph statistics are pervasive in stochastic network models, and they need to be assessed repeatedly in MCMC sampling and estimation algorithms. We present a new approach to count all induced and non-induced four-node subgraphs (the quad census) on a per-node and per-edge basis, complete with a separation into their non-automorphic roles in these subgraphs. It is the first approach to do so in a unified manner, and is based on only a clique-listing subroutine. Computational experiments indicate that, despite its simplicity, the approach outperforms previous, less general approaches. By way of the more presentable triad census, we additionally show how to extend the quad census to directed graphs. As a byproduct we obtain the asymptotically fastest triad census algorithm to date.
| S-EPMC6214268 | biostudies-other