Dataset Information

A neuroimaging data set on problem solving in the case of the reversal error: Putamen data.

ABSTRACT: Structural Magnetic Resonance Images (sMRI) for a sample of university students were recorded. Out of magnetic resonance, students performed a test of algebra problem solving. As we are interested in reversal errors, the test was prepared to detect this kind of error. Depending on the number of mistakes made, students were divided into two groups: one group contains 15 students that responded erroneously to more than 60% of the 16 questions, and the other group contains 18 students that did not make any mistake. We are interested in the more relevant brain structures for this neuroeducation problem. The analysis of these data can be found in Ferrando et al. (2020) [1]. The results of the volumetric analysis showed differences between groups in the right and left putamen. Therefore, both putamens were pre-processed and segmented to use them in the shape analysis. The dataset contains the slices of the left and right putamen and the left putamen of each of 33 subjects, 20 females. It also contains a vector that indicates the group to each subject belongs to.

SUBMITTER: Ferrando L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7522476 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A neuroimaging data set on problem solving in the case of the reversal error: Putamen data.

Ferrando Lara L Ventura-Campos Noelia N Epifanio Irene I

Data in brief 20200919

Structural Magnetic Resonance Images (sMRI) for a sample of university students were recorded. Out of magnetic resonance, students performed a test of algebra problem solving. As we are interested in reversal errors, the test was prepared to detect this kind of error. Depending on the number of mistakes made, students were divided into two groups: one group contains 15 students that responded erroneously to more than 60% of the 16 questions, and the other group contains 18 students that did not ...[more]

PMID: 33015256

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Project description:In this paper we argue that a synthesis of findings across the various sub-areas of research in complex problem solving and consequently progress in theory building is hampered by an insufficient differentiation of complexity and difficulty. In the proposed framework of person, task, and situation (PTS), complexity is conceptualized as a quality that is determined by the cognitive demands that the characteristics of the task and the situation impose. Difficulty represents the quantifiable level of a person's success in dealing with such demands. We use the well-documented "semantic effect" as an exemplar for testing some of the conceptual assumptions derived from the PTS framework. We demonstrate how a differentiation between complexity and difficulty can help take beyond a potentially too narrowly defined psychometric perspective and subsequently gain a better understanding of the cognitive mechanisms behind this effect. In an empirical study a total of 240 university students were randomly allocated to one of four conditions. The four conditions resulted from contrasting the semanticity level of the variable labels used in the CPS system (high vs. low) and two instruction conditions for how to explore the CPS system's causal structure (starting with the assumption that all relationships between variables existed vs. starting with the assumption that none of the relationships existed). The variation in the instruction aimed at inducing knowledge acquisition processes of either (1) systematic elimination of presumptions, or (2) systematic compilation of a mental representation of the causal structure underpinning the system. Results indicate that (a) it is more complex to adopt a "blank slate" perspective under high semanticity as it requires processes of inhibiting prior assumptions, and (b) it seems more difficult to employ a systematic heuristic when testing against presumptions. In combination, situational characteristics, such as the semanticity of variable labels, have the potential to trigger qualitatively different tasks. Failing to differentiate between 'task' and 'situation' as independent sources of complexity and treating complexity and difficulty synonymously threaten the validity of performance scores obtained in CPS research.

Dataset Information

A neuroimaging data set on problem solving in the case of the reversal error: Putamen data.

Publications

A neuroimaging data set on problem solving in the case of the reversal error: Putamen data.

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