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Ethnic differences in association of outcomes with trimethylamine N-oxide in acute heart failure patients.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate whether ethnicity influences the associations between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and heart failure (HF) outcomes.

Methods and results

Trimethylamine N-oxide levels were measured in two cohorts with acute HF at two sites. The UK Leicester cohort consisted mainly of Caucasian (n = 842, 77%) and South Asian (n = 129, 12%) patients, whereas patients in the Japanese cohort (n = 116, 11%) were all Japanese. The primary endpoint was the measurement of all-cause mortality and/or HF rehospitalization within 1 year post-admission. Association of TMAO levels with outcome was compared in the entire population and between ethnic groups after adjustment for clinical parameters. TMAO levels were significantly higher in Japanese patients [median (interquartile range): 9.9 μM (5.2-22.8)] than in Caucasian [5.9 μM (3.6-10.8)] and South Asian [4.5 μM (3.1-8.4)] (P < 0.001) patients. There were no differences in the rate of mortality and/or HF rehospitalization between the ethnic groups (P = 0.096). Overall, higher TMAO levels showed associations with mortality and/or rehospitalization after adjustment for confounders ( P = 0.002). Despite no differences between ethnicity and association with mortality/HF after adjustment (P = 0.311), only in Caucasian patients were TMAO levels able to stratify for a mortality/HF event (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Differences were observed in the association of mortality and/or rehospitalization based on circulating TMAO levels. Elevated TMAO levels in Caucasian patients showed increased association with adverse outcomes, but not in non-Caucasian patients.

SUBMITTER: Yazaki Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524106 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:We sought to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of patients in Oman with acute heart failure (AHF) as part of the Gulf aCute heArt failuRe rEgistry (CARE) project. METHODS:Data were analyzed from 988 consecutive patients admitted with AHF to 12 hospitals in Oman between 14 February and 14 November 2012. RESULTS:The mean age of our patients was 63±12 years. Over half (57%) were male and 95% were Omani citizens. Fifty-seven percent of patients presented with acute decompensated chronic heart failure (ADCHF) while 43% had new-onset AHF. The primary comorbid conditions were hypertension (72%), coronary artery disease (55%), and diabetes mellitus (53%). Ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease, and idiopathic cardiomyopathy were the most common etiologies of AHF in Oman. The median left ventricular ejection fraction of the cohort was 36% (27-45%) with 56% of the patients having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (< 40%). Atrial fibrillation was seen in 15% of patients. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and non-compliance with medications were the most common precipitating factors. At discharge, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers were prescribed adequately, but aldosterone antagonists were under prescribed. Within 12-months follow-up, one in two patients were rehospitalized for AHF. In-hospital mortality was 7.1%, which doubled to 15.7% at three months and reached 26.4% at one-year post discharge. CONCLUSIONS:Oman CARE was the first prospective multicenter registry of AHF in Oman and showed that heart failure (HF) patients present at a younger age with recurrent ADCHF and HF with reduced ejection fraction. IHD was the most common etiology of HF with a low prevalence of AHF, but a high prevalence of acute coronary syndrome and non-compliance with medications precipitating HF. A quarter of patients died at one-year follow-up even though at discharge medical therapy was nearly optimal. Our study indicates an urgent need for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of AHF in Oman.