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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Rats are experimental animals, frequently used as model organisms in the biomedical studies, and increasingly used to study the gut microbiota. Specifically, the aim of latter studies is either the elucidation of relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diseases or the determination of nutrients or pharmaceutical agents which can cause the modulation in the presence or abundance of gut microbiota. AIM:Herein, the research studies conducted on the gut microbiota of healthy rats are presented in a summarized and concise overview. The focus is on studies aimed to reveal the shifts in microbial composition and functional changes after exposure to various types of nutritional supplements. METHODS:We performed the search of PubMed database using the term "rat gut microbiome microbiota" and examined studies aimed to assess the composition of gut microbiota in physiological homeostasis as well as the effect of various nutritional supplements on the gut microbiota of healthy rats.

SUBMITTER: Coklo M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524141 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

Čoklo Mirna M Maslov Dina Rešetar DR Kraljević Pavelić Sandra S

Gut microbes 20201101 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Rats are experimental animals, frequently used as model organisms in the biomedical studies, and increasingly used to study the gut microbiota. Specifically, the aim of latter studies is either the elucidation of relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diseases or the determination of nutrients or pharmaceutical agents which can cause the modulation in the presence or abundance of gut microbiota.<h4>Aim</h4>Herein, the research studies conducted on the gut microbiota o ...[more]

PMID: 32845788

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Project description:BackgroundGut microbiota plays an important role in host health and is influenced by multiple factors. Hypobaric hypoxia usually existing at high altitude conditions can adversely affect normal physiological functions. However, the dynamic changes of gut microbiota influenced by hypobaric hypoxia have not been elucidated.MethodsIn this study, we collected fecal samples from seven rats at 14 time points from entering the hypobaric chamber (eight time points) to leaving the chamber (six time points) and five rats served as normoxic controls. Metagenome sequencing was performed on all samples and the dynamics of taxa and functions were analyzed.ResultsWe found that the α-diversity was changed in the first 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric chamber. The β-diversity analysis revealed that gut microbiota structure was significantly separated among 14 time points. After entering the chamber, the relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased and the most abundant genus turned into Prevotella. The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed an opposite trend and both have a significant change within 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric hypoxia chamber. Some obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to Desulfovibrio and Alistipes were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks, whereas Probiotics like Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus, and short-chain fatty acids producers like Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio were significantly enriched after leaving the chamber for 3 weeks. Microbial functions like 'Two-component regulatory system', 'beta-carotene biosynthesis' and 'Fatty acid biosynthesis' were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks. Hypobaric hypoxia conditions could deeply affect the diversity and structure of gut microbiota. The alterations of abundance of dominant taxa (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes), increased anaerobes and decreased probiotics induced by hypobaric hypoxia conditions might affect the host health.

Project description:Background:Gut microbiota holds a key-role in numerous biological functions and has emerged as a driving force for the development of diabetes. Diet contributes to gut microbiota diversity and functionality providing a tool for the prevention and management of the disease. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a dietary intervention with pistachio nuts, a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers and phytochemicals on gut microbiota composition in the rat model of Type 1 Diabetes. Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy animals which received control diet (CD) or pistachio diet (PD), and diabetic animals which received control diet (DCD) or pistachio diet (DPD) for 4 weeks. Plasma biochemical parameters were determined and histological examination of liver and pancreas was performed at the end of the dietary intervention. Adherent intestinal microbiota populations in jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon were analyzed. Fecal microbiota populations at the beginning and the end of the study were determined by microbiological analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. Results:Diabetic animals of both groups exhibited high plasma glucose and low insulin concentrations, as well as characteristic pancreatic lesions. Pistachio supplementation significantly increased lactobacilli and bifidobacteria populations in jejunum, ileum and caecum (p < 0.05) and normalized microbial flora in all examined intestinal regions of diabetic animals. After 4 weeks of supplementation, populations of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were increased in feces of both healthy and diabetic animals, while enterococci levels were decreased (p < 0.05). Next Generation Sequencing of fecal samples revealed increased and decreased counts of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, respectively, in healthy animals that received the pistachio diet. Actinobacteria OTUs were higher in diabetic animals and increased over time in the pistachio treated groups, along with increased abundance of Bifidobacterium. Lactobacillus, Turicibacter and Romboutsia populations were elevated in healthy animals administered the pistachio nuts. Of note, relative abundance of Bacteroides was higher in healthy than in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion:Dietary pistachio restored normal flora and enhanced the presence of beneficial microbes in the rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

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