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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Rats are experimental animals, frequently used as model organisms in the biomedical studies, and increasingly used to study the gut microbiota. Specifically, the aim of latter studies is either the elucidation of relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diseases or the determination of nutrients or pharmaceutical agents which can cause the modulation in the presence or abundance of gut microbiota. AIM:Herein, the research studies conducted on the gut microbiota of healthy rats are presented in a summarized and concise overview. The focus is on studies aimed to reveal the shifts in microbial composition and functional changes after exposure to various types of nutritional supplements. METHODS:We performed the search of PubMed database using the term "rat gut microbiome microbiota" and examined studies aimed to assess the composition of gut microbiota in physiological homeostasis as well as the effect of various nutritional supplements on the gut microbiota of healthy rats.

SUBMITTER: Coklo M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524141 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

Čoklo Mirna M Maslov Dina Rešetar DR Kraljević Pavelić Sandra S

Gut microbes 20201101 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Rats are experimental animals, frequently used as model organisms in the biomedical studies, and increasingly used to study the gut microbiota. Specifically, the aim of latter studies is either the elucidation of relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diseases or the determination of nutrients or pharmaceutical agents which can cause the modulation in the presence or abundance of gut microbiota.<h4>Aim</h4>Herein, the research studies conducted on the gut microbiota o ...[more]

PMID: 32845788

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Project description:BackgroundGut microbiota plays an important role in host health and is influenced by multiple factors. Hypobaric hypoxia usually existing at high altitude conditions can adversely affect normal physiological functions. However, the dynamic changes of gut microbiota influenced by hypobaric hypoxia have not been elucidated.MethodsIn this study, we collected fecal samples from seven rats at 14 time points from entering the hypobaric chamber (eight time points) to leaving the chamber (six time points) and five rats served as normoxic controls. Metagenome sequencing was performed on all samples and the dynamics of taxa and functions were analyzed.ResultsWe found that the α-diversity was changed in the first 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric chamber. The β-diversity analysis revealed that gut microbiota structure was significantly separated among 14 time points. After entering the chamber, the relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased and the most abundant genus turned into Prevotella. The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed an opposite trend and both have a significant change within 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric hypoxia chamber. Some obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to Desulfovibrio and Alistipes were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks, whereas Probiotics like Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus, and short-chain fatty acids producers like Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio were significantly enriched after leaving the chamber for 3 weeks. Microbial functions like 'Two-component regulatory system', 'beta-carotene biosynthesis' and 'Fatty acid biosynthesis' were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks. Hypobaric hypoxia conditions could deeply affect the diversity and structure of gut microbiota. The alterations of abundance of dominant taxa (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes), increased anaerobes and decreased probiotics induced by hypobaric hypoxia conditions might affect the host health.

Project description:With the increase in total coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection cases, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, defined as experiencing ongoing health problems 4 or more weeks after the first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has become a new arising public health concern. As part of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, gastrointestinal symptoms might be associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which has the potential to become a target for intervention. In this study, a patient with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome with long-lasting severe gastrointestinal symptoms was provided 2-month expanded access to a high-fiber formula with investigational new drug (IND) status developed to alleviate COVID-19-related symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota. Symptoms including severe "loss of appetite," palpitation, and anxiety were significantly alleviated by the end of the intervention. The medication dosage for controlling nausea decreased during the intervention. The serum lipid profile, insulin level, and leptin level were improved compared to the baseline values. Significant structural changes of the patient's gut microbiota and reduced microbial fermentation activity in the small intestine were found during the intervention. Eighteen amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene significantly responded to this nutritional intervention. Six out of the 18 ASVs were also found to be negatively correlated with symptom severity/medication dosage. Five of the six ASVs (ASV0AKS_Oscillibacter, ASV009F_Anaerofustis, ASV02YT_Blautia, ASV07LA_Blautia, and ASV0AM6_Eubacterium hallii) were potential short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, which might be associated with the alleviation of symptoms. Our study indicates the feasibility of alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome by way of nutritional modulation of their gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE It has become evident that the care of patients with COVID-19 does not end at the time of negative SARS-CoV-2 detection, as the number of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome increases with an ever-increasing total infected patient population. This case report shows the possibility of alleviating the gastrointestinal symptoms of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome via microbiota-targeted nutritional intervention. As a promising strategy, it might not only improve the quality of life of patients but also reduce the burden to the public health system when the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is not in sight.

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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements.

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