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Phenotypic analysis of the unstimulated in vivo HIV CD4 T cell reservoir.

ABSTRACT: The latent reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. As latently infected cells cannot be phenotyped directly, the features of the in vivo reservoir have remained elusive. Here, we describe a method that leverages high-dimensional phenotyping using CyTOF to trace latently infected cells reactivated ex vivo to their original pre-activation states. Our results suggest that, contrary to common assumptions, the reservoir is not randomly distributed among cell subsets, and is remarkably conserved between individuals. However, reservoir composition differs between tissues and blood, as do cells successfully reactivated by different latency reversing agents. By selecting 8-10 of our 39 original CyTOF markers, we were able to isolate highly purified populations of unstimulated in vivo latent cells. These purified populations were highly enriched for replication-competent and intact provirus, transcribed HIV, and displayed clonal expansion. The ability to isolate unstimulated latent cells from infected individuals enables previously impossible studies on HIV persistence.

SUBMITTER: Neidleman J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524554 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Phenotypic analysis of the unstimulated in vivo HIV CD4 T cell reservoir.

Neidleman Jason J Luo Xiaoyu X Frouard Julie J Xie Guorui G Hsiao Feng F Ma Tongcui T Morcilla Vincent V Lee Ashley A Telwatte Sushama S Thomas Reuben R Tamaki Whitney W Wheeler Benjamin B Hoh Rebecca R Somsouk Ma M Vohra Poonam P Milush Jeffrey J James Katherine Sholtis KS Archin Nancie M NM Hunt Peter W PW Deeks Steven G SG Yukl Steven A SA Palmer Sarah S Greene Warner C WC Roan Nadia R NR

eLife 20200929

The latent reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. As latently infected cells cannot be phenotyped directly, the features of the in vivo reservoir have remained elusive. Here, we describe a method that leverages high-dimensional phenotyping using CyTOF to trace latently infected cells reactivated ex vivo to their original pre-activation states. Our results suggest that, contrary to common assumptions, the reservoir is not randomly distributed among cell subsets, and is remarkably conserved bet ...[more]

PMID: 32990219

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Project description:BackgroundNef is a multifunctional HIV-1 protein critical for progression to AIDS. Humans infected with nef(-) HIV-1 have greatly delayed or no disease consequences. We have contrasted nef(-) and nef(+) infection of BLT humanized mice to better characterize Nef's pathogenic effects.ResultsMice were inoculated with CCR5-tropic HIV-1JRCSF (JRCSF) or JRCSF with an irreversibly inactivated nef (JRCSFNefdd). In peripheral blood (PB), JRCSF exhibited high levels of viral RNA (peak viral loads of 4.71 × 10(6) ± 1.23 × 10(6) copies/ml) and a progressive, 75% loss of CD4(+) T cells over 17 weeks. Similar losses were observed in CD4(+) T cells from bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, lung and liver but thymocytes were not significantly decreased. JRCSFNefdd also had high peak viral loads (2.31 × 10(6) ± 1.67 × 10(6)) but induced no loss of PB CD4(+) T cells. In organs, JRCSFNefdd produced small, but significant, reductions in CD4(+) T cell levels and did not affect the level of thymocytes. Uninfected mice have low levels of HLA-DR(+)CD38(+)CD8(+) T cells in blood (1-2%). Six weeks post inoculation, JRCSF infection resulted in significantly elevated levels of activated CD8(+) T cells (6.37 ± 1.07%). T cell activation coincided with PB CD4(+) T cell loss which suggests a common Nef-dependent mechanism. At 12 weeks, in JRCSF infected animals PB T cell activation sharply increased to 19.7 ± 2.9% then subsided to 5.4 ± 1.4% at 14 weeks. HLA-DR(+)CD38(+)CD8(+) T cell levels in JRCSFNefdd infected mice did not rise above 1-2% despite sustained high levels of viremia. Interestingly, we also noted that in mice engrafted with human tissue expressing a putative protective HLA-B allele (B42:01), JRCSFNefdd exhibited a substantial (200-fold) reduced viral load compared to JRCSF.ConclusionsNef expression was necessary for both systemic T cell activation and substantial CD4(+) T cell loss from blood and tissues. JRCSFNefdd infection did not activate CD8(+) T cells or reduce the level of CD4(+) T cells in blood but did result in a small Nef-independent decrease in CD4(+) T cells in organs. These observations strongly support the conclusion that viral pathogenicity is mostly driven by Nef. We also observed for the first time substantial host-specific suppression of HIV-1 replication in a small animal infection model.

Dataset Information

Phenotypic analysis of the unstimulated in vivo HIV CD4 T cell reservoir.

Publications

Phenotypic analysis of the unstimulated in vivo HIV CD4 T cell reservoir.

Similar Datasets

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