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Reunification of a split sciatic nerve.

ABSTRACT: Sciatic nerve (SN) variaitons can result in interesting clinical presentations. We identified a SN variant that does not fit into preexisting classification schemes. In an adult male cadaver, the SN was found to divide proximally and partly exit through the piriformis muscle. Distal to the piriformis, the two parts of the SN were reunited. Although apparently extremely rare, such a finding should be added to the archives of anatomical variations.

SUBMITTER: Huang B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7527125 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reunification of a split sciatic nerve.

Huang Brendan B Decater Tess T Iwanaga Joe J Dumont Aaron S AS Tubbs R Shane RS

Anatomy & cell biology 20200901 3

Sciatic nerve (SN) variaitons can result in interesting clinical presentations. We identified a SN variant that does not fit into preexisting classification schemes. In an adult male cadaver, the SN was found to divide proximally and partly exit through the piriformis muscle. Distal to the piriformis, the two parts of the SN were reunited. Although apparently extremely rare, such a finding should be added to the archives of anatomical variations. ...[more]

PMID: 32879057

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The sciatic nerve block.

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Project description:Long-range peripheral nerve defect is a severe and worldwide disease. With the increasing development of tissue engineering, the excellent ability of nerve extracellular matrix (ECM) in peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has been widely studied and verified. Here, we present a novel microtube that contains gradient decellularized porcine sciatic nerve ECM hydrogel (pDScNM-gel) from microfluidics for sciatic nerve regeneration. The pDScNM is confirmed to enhance cell proliferation and migration, and improve the axon growth of primary dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in a concentration-related manner. These behaviors were also achieved when cells were co-cultured in a gradient pDScNM microtube. The in vivo sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery were also demonstrated by assembling the gradient pDScNM microtubes with a medical silicon tube. These results indicated that the microtubes with gradient pDScNM could act as a promising alternative for repairing peripheral nerve defects and showed great potential in clinical use.

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Characteristics of cytokines in the sciatic nerve stumps and DRGs after rat sciatic nerve crush injury.

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Clathrin IP_mouse sciatic nerve axons_Roylab_UCSD

Project description:Sciatic nerve axon segments from adult mouse were isolated. Following enzymatic digestion, lysate was subjected to incubation with beads conjugated with either clathrin heavy chain antibody or control IgG antibody for clathrin immunoprecipitation. MudPIT analysis was subsequently performed to identify proteins co-precipitating with clathrin.

2021-08-12 | PXD027857 | Pride

Profiling of mouse sciatic nerve acetylome

Project description:Lysine acetylation is a reversible Post-translational modification (PTM) involved in a broad array of physiological functions. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of protein acetylation in modulating Schwann cells' (SCs) biology and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism is still under investigation. This descriptive study characterized the mouse sciatic nerve (SN) acetylome and explored their cellular distribution. Using a modified workflow for acetylome analysis, we identified 483 acetylated proteins containing 1,442 acetylation modification sites in the SN of adult C57BL/6. Notably, over 70% of identified peptides were acetylated. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that these acetylated proteins are mainly located in the myelin sheath, mitochondrial inner membrane, and actin cytoskeleton, and highlighted the remarkable differences between the mouse SN and brain (PXD027299）acetylome. Further manual annotation indicated that most acetylated proteins were mitochondrial and energy, and cytoskeleton and cell adhesion (> 45%). The acetylate modification of three novel myelin-related proteins were verified, including 2', 3' -cycling-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP), Neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), neurofilament medium/high polypeptide (NFM/H), and periaxin (PRX). Immunofluorescence staining illustrated that, besides the nuclei, the acetylated proteins, including acetylated alpha-tubulin, were mainly co-localized with S100 positive SCs. Together, for the first time, this study provided a comprehensive mouse SN acetylome by using a simple but effective method. Moreover, we demonstrated that the acetylated SN proteins were predominantly located in SCs. These analyses and the method will contribute to understanding and uncovering the roles of protein acetylation in SCs development and PNS regeneration.

2022-10-15 | PXD029611 | Pride

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Chitin scaffold combined with autologous small nerve repairs sciatic nerve defects.

Project description:Although autologous nerve transplantation is the gold standard for treating peripheral nerve defects, it has many clinical limitations. As an alternative, various tissue-engineered nerve grafts have been developed to substitute for autologous nerves. In this study, a novel nerve graft composed of chitin scaffolds and a small autologous nerve was used to repair sciatic nerve defects in rats. The novel nerve graft greatly facilitated regeneration of the sciatic nerve and myelin sheath, reduced atrophy of the target muscle, and effectively restored neurological function. When the epineurium of the small autogenous nerve was removed, the degree of nerve regeneration was similar to that which occurs after autogenous nerve transplantation. These findings suggest that our novel nerve graft might eventually be a new option for the construction of tissue-engineered nerve scaffolds. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital (approval No. 2019PHE27) on October 18, 2019.

| S-EPMC8552871 | biostudies-literature

Platelet-rich plasma promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury.

Project description:The effect of platelet-rich plasma on nerve regeneration remains controversial. In this study, we established a rabbit model of sciatic nerve small-gap defects with preserved epineurium and then filled the gaps with platelet-rich plasma. Twenty-eight rabbits were divided into the following groups (7 rabbits/group): model, low-concentration PRP (2.5-3.5-fold concentration of whole blood platelets), medium-concentration PRP (4.5-6.5-fold concentration of whole blood platelets), and high-concentration PRP (7.5-8.5-fold concentration of whole blood platelets). Electrophysiological and histomorphometrical assessments and proteomics analysis were used to evaluate regeneration of the sciatic nerve. Our results showed that platelet-rich plasma containing 4.5-6.5- and 7.5-8.5-fold concentrations of whole blood platelets promoted repair of sciatic nerve injury. Proteomics analysis was performed to investigate the possible mechanism by which platelet-rich plasma promoted nerve regeneration. Proteomics analysis showed that after sciatic nerve injury, platelet-rich plasma increased the expression of integrin subunit β-8 (ITGB8), which participates in angiogenesis, and differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in focal adhesion pathways. Additionally, two key proteins, ribosomal protein S27a (RSP27a) and ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1), which were selected after protein-protein interaction analysis, are involved in the regulation of ubiquitin levels in vivo. These data suggest that platelet-rich plasma promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury by affecting angiogenesis and intracellular ubiquitin levels.

| S-EPMC9396478 | biostudies-literature

Genetic changes in rat proximal nerve stumps after sciatic nerve transection.

Project description:BackgroundPeripheral nerves can self-regenerate after traumatic injury, although their self-regeneration ability is limited after severe nerve injury. After peripheral nerve injury, the distal nerve stumps undergo Wallerian degeneration while the proximal nerve stumps undergo a regeneration process.MethodsHere, to decipher genetic changes and involved biological processes in the proximal nerve stumps after peripheral nerve injury, microarray data (GSE30165) were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes in the proximal nerve stumps at 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, and 14 d after rat sciatic nerve transection were subjected to Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) bioinformatic analysis.ResultsCytokine signaling, cellular immune response, nuclear receptor signaling, disease-specific pathways, and organismal growth and development were significantly activated in the proximal nerve stumps after nerve transection. Organ development, inflammation and immune response, diseases and organ abnormalities, and cellular behavior-related biological functions were highly involved.ConclusionsThe expression levels of differentially expressed genes in biological function "Organismal Injury and Abnormalities" were displayed and validated. Our current study helps to obtain a better understanding of the biological processes of peripheral nerve regeneration, especially the regeneration process in the proximal nerve stumps, and thus may help to discover new therapeutic methods that can promote nerve regeneration.

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