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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem.

ABSTRACT: The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.

SUBMITTER: Wilke T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7527215 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem.

Wilke Thomas T   Hauffe Torsten T   Jovanovska Elena E   Cvetkoska Aleksandra A   Donders Timme T   Ekschmitt Klemens K   Francke Alexander A   Lacey Jack H JH   Levkov Zlatko Z   Marshall Charles R CR   Neubauer Thomas A TA   Silvestro Daniele D   Stelbrink Björn B   Vogel Hendrik H   Albrecht Christian C   Holtvoeth Jens J   Krastel Sebastian S   Leicher Niklas N   Leng Melanie J MJ   Lindhorst Katja K   Masi Alessia A   Ognjanova-Rumenova Nadja N   Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos K   Reed Jane M JM   Sadori Laura L   Tofilovska Slavica S   Van Bocxlaer Bert B   Wagner-Cremer Friederike F   Wesselingh Frank P FP   Wolters Volkmar V   Zanchetta Giovanni G   Zhang Xiaosen X   Wagner Bernd B  

Science advances 20200930 40

The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic  ...[more]