Dataset Information

Fungal Community, Metabolic Diversity, and Glomalin-Related Soil Proteins (GRSP) Content in Soil Contaminated With Crude Oil After Long-Term Natural Bioremediation.

ABSTRACT: Fungi have increased tolerance to environmental stress (also related to the access of pollutants, e.g., trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs). The aim of the study was to evaluate the mycobiome and functional diversity of fungi in long-term crude-oil contaminated soils as the potential bioremediators of oil contaminated sites. Samples were taken from three historical oil wells (over a century old) at two distances: within a 0.5 m radius of the oil wells (OWP1, OWP2, and OWP3) and within a 3 m radius from the oil wells as the controls (OW1, OW2, and OW3). Next generation sequencing (for the ITS region) was accompanied with determination of the functional fungal community based on Biolog FFPlates, glomalin related soil protein (GRSP) content, trace element and PAHs concentration. The research hypothesis assumed that long-term natural bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soils can contribute to intensive development of a unique fungal community adapted to the contamination conditions. The identification of such fungi can be of particular importance in soil bioremediation. There were significant differences in the fungal community and functional diversity between the soil samples. The soils collected directly from the oil wells were characterized by higher biological activity and higher diversity of PAH-degrading fungal candidates compared to the soils collected within 3 m of the oil wells. The total glomalin-related soil proteins (T-GRSP) and easily-extractable glomalin-related soil proteins (EE-GRSP) contents were lower in soil samples taken directly from the crude oil well. The control soil (OW) subjected to a long-term natural remediation may already have sufficient conditions for the growth and development of mycorrhizal fungi. The mycobiome of the soils collected directly from the oil wells (OWP1, OWP2, and OWP3) was characterized by a 35% share of PAH-degrading candidates, compared to the soil collected at the 3 m distance from the oil wells (OW1, OW2, and OW3) at < 5%. The main PAH-degrading fungal candidates belong to genera Ilyonectria, Chaetomium, Gibberella, Paraphoma, Schizothecium, Pseudorobillarda, Tetracladium, Ganoderma, Cadophora, Exophiala, Knufia, Mycoleptodiscus, Cyphellophora, Fusicolla, Devriesia, Didymella, Plenodomus, Pyrenochaetopsis, Symbiotaphrina, Phallus, Coprinellus, Plectosphaerella, Septoriella, and Hypholoma. The share of three- and four-ringed PAHs in soil was higher as the distance from the oil well increased. These results may indicate that more effective degradation processes occur closer to the oil wells.

SUBMITTER: Galazka A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7528562 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fungal Community, Metabolic Diversity, and Glomalin-Related Soil Proteins (GRSP) Content in Soil Contaminated With Crude Oil After Long-Term Natural Bioremediation.

Gałązka Anna A Grządziel Jarosław J Gałązka Rafał R Gawryjołek Karolina K Ukalska-Jaruga Aleksandra A Smreczak Bozena B

Frontiers in microbiology 20200917

Fungi have increased tolerance to environmental stress (also related to the access of pollutants, e.g., trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs). The aim of the study was to evaluate the mycobiome and functional diversity of fungi in long-term crude-oil contaminated soils as the potential bioremediators of oil contaminated sites. Samples were taken from three historical oil wells (over a century old) at two distances: within a 0.5 m radius of the oil wells (OWP1, OWP2, and OWP3) ...[more]

PMID: 33042080

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Project description:The widespread use and consumption of crude oil draws the public's attention to the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment, as they can permeate the soil environment in an uncontrollable manner. Contamination of soils with petroleum products, including diesel oil (DO), can cause changes in the microbiological soil properties. The effect of diesel oil on the functional diversity of fungi was tested in a model experiment during 270 days. Fungi were isolated from soil and identified. The functional diversity of fungal communities was also determined. Fungi were identified with the MALDI-TOF method, while the functional diversity was determined using FF-plates made by Biolog®, with 95 carbon sources. Moreover, the diesel oil degradation dynamics was assessed. The research showed that soil contaminated with diesel oil is characterized by a higher activity of oxireductases and a higher number of fungi than soil not exposed to the pressure of this product. The DO pollution has an adverse effect on the diversity of fungal community. This is proved by significantly lower values of the Average Well-Color Development, substrates Richness (R) and Shannon-Weaver (H) indices at day 270 after contamination. The consequences of DO affecting soil not submitted to remediation are persistent. After 270 days, only 64% of four-ringed, 28% of five-ringed, 21% of 2-3-ringed and 16% of six-ringed PAHs underwent degradation. The lasting effect of DO on communities of fungi led to a decrease in their functional diversity. The assessment of the response of fungi to DO pollution made on the basis of the development of colonies on Petri dishes [Colony Development (CD) and Eco-physiological Diversity (EP) indices] is consistent with the analysis based on the FF MicroPlate system by Biolog®. Thus, a combination of the FF MicroPlate system by Biolog® with the simultaneous calculation of CD and EP indices alongside the concurrent determination of the content of PAHs and activity of oxireductases provides an opportunity to achieve relatively complete characterization of the consequences of a long-term impact of diesel oil on soil fungi.

Project description:Soil remediation industries continue to seek technologies to speed-up treatment and reduce operating costs. Some processes are energy intensive and, in some cases, transport can be the main source of carbon emissions. Residual fertilizing materials (RFM), such as organic residues, have the potential to be beneficial bioremediation agents. Following a circular economy framework, we investigated the feasibility of sourcing RFMs locally to reduce transport and assess possible bioremediation efficiency gains. RFMs were recruited within 100 km of the treatment site: ramial chipped wood (RCW), horse manure (MANR) and brewer spent grain (BSG). They were added to the land treatment unit's baseline fertilizer treatment (FERT, "F") to measure if they improved the remediation efficiency of an engine oil-contaminated soil (7,500 ± 100 mg kg-1). Results indicate that MANR-F was the only amendment more effective than FERT for petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) reduction, while emitting the least CO2 overall. RCW-F was equivalent to FERT but retained more moisture. Although BSG contributed the most nitrogen to the soil, BSG-F retained excessive moisture, emitted more volatile organic compounds, contained less soil O2, and was less effective than the baseline treatment. Significantly more of the C16-C22 fraction was removed (63% ± 22%) than all other fractions (C22-C28, C28-C34, C34-C40), which were equally removed. Microbial community-level physiological profiling was conducted with Biolog Ecoplates™, and catabolic diversity differed between treatments (utilization rates of 31 carbon sources). MANR-F has the potential to increase PHC-remediation speed and efficiency compared to inorganic fertilizer alone. Other RFM promote moisture retention and diverse microbial catabolic activity. A variety of RFM are present across the globe and some can offer low-cost amendments to boost remediation efficiency, while reducing treatment time compared to traditional fertilizer-only methods.

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Dataset Information

Fungal Community, Metabolic Diversity, and Glomalin-Related Soil Proteins (GRSP) Content in Soil Contaminated With Crude Oil After Long-Term Natural Bioremediation.

Publications

Fungal Community, Metabolic Diversity, and Glomalin-Related Soil Proteins (GRSP) Content in Soil Contaminated With Crude Oil After Long-Term Natural Bioremediation.

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