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Pathogenicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2e Escherichia coli in Pig Colibacillosis.

ABSTRACT: Shiga toxin type 2e (Stx2e) Escherichia coli is the causative factor of diarrhea and edema in swine. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Stx2e-producing E. coli isolates and to characterize isolates from clinical cases of pig colibacillosis and healthy swine. During the 11 years of the study (2006-2017), a total of 233 Stx2e-producing isolates were detected-230 out of 2,060 (11.16%) E. coli isolated from diseased pigs and 3 out of 171 (1.75%) from healthy swine. Stx2e-producing isolates were indeed more present in clinical colibacillosis cases than in healthy pigs (p = 0.0002). The predominant serogroup was O139 (79.82%) and the most common fimbrial factor present in these isolates was F18 (177 isolates), followed by F6 (5 isolates). The enterotoxins LTI, STa, and STb were detected in 10.43, 41.73, and 48.26% of the isolates, respectively. The predominant virotypes F18-Stx2e and -STa-STb-Stx2e were similarly present in weaners (33.33 and 35.52%) and finishers (38.30 and 25.53%). Among isolates from diseased pigs, O139 and F18 were the more frequently identified serogroup and virulence factor, respectively. Of the tested 230 Stx2e-producing isolates isolated from diseased pigs, 29 (12.60%) harbored genes encoding ESBL, particularly TEM (79.30%), CTX-M1 (17.20%), and CMY-2 (3.40%). Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline was the most common characteristic (98.25%), followed by ampicillin (93.91%), cephalotin (90.43%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (82.17%). Our results showed that Stx2e-producing E. coli were more frequently associated with clinical forms of colibacillosis, with minimal probability to isolate these isolates from healthy pigs.

SUBMITTER: Baldo V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7530191 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pathogenicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2e Escherichia coli in Pig Colibacillosis.

Baldo Valentina V Salogni Cristian C Giovannini Stefano S D'Incau Mario M Boniotti Maria Beatrice MB Birbes Laura L Pitozzi Alessandra A Formenti Nicoletta N Grassi Andrea A Pasquali Paolo P Alborali Giovanni Loris GL

Frontiers in veterinary science 20200918

Shiga toxin type 2e (Stx2e) Escherichia coli is the causative factor of diarrhea and edema in swine. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Stx2e-producing E. coli isolates and to characterize isolates from clinical cases of pig colibacillosis and healthy swine. During the 11 years of the study (2006-2017), a total of 233 Stx2e-producing isolates were detected-230 out of 2,060 (11.16%) E. coli isolated from diseased pigs and 3 out of 171 (1.75%) from heal ...[more]

PMID: 33062659

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Project description:Many pathogens produce the ?-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) surface polysaccharide that is being developed as a broadly protective antimicrobial vaccine. However, it is unknown whether systemically injected PNAG vaccines or antibodies would provide protective immunity against pathogens confined to the gastrointestinal tract such as Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), an important group of gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens for which effective immunotherapeutics are lacking. To ascertain whether systemic IgG antibody to PNAG impacts this infectious situation, a vaccine consisting of a synthetic nonamer of nonacetylated PNAG, 9GlcNH2, conjugated to the Shiga toxin 1b subunit (9GlcNH2-Stx1b) was produced. Rabbit antibodies raised to the conjugate vaccine were tested for bacterial killing and toxin neutralization in vitro and protection against infection in infant mice. Cell surface PNAG was detected on all 9 STEC isolates tested, representing 6 STEC serogroups, including E. coli O157:H7. Antibody to the 9GlcNH2-Stx1b conjugate neutralized Stx1 potently and Stx2 modestly. For O157:H7 and O104:H4 STEC strains, antibodies elicited by the 9GlcNH2-Stx1b conjugate possessed opsonic killing and bactericidal activity. Following intraperitoneal injection, antibodies to both PNAG and Stx were needed for infant mouse protection against O157 STEC. These antibodies also mediated protection against the Stx2-producing O104:H4 strain that was the cause of a recent outbreak in Germany, although sufficient doses of antibody to PNAG alone were protective against this strain in infant mice. Our observations suggest that vaccination against both PNAG and Stx, using a construct such as the 9GlcNH2-Stx1b conjugate vaccine, would be protective against a broad range of STEC serogroups. IMPORTANCE The presence of poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) on many pathogens presents an opportunity to target this one structure with a multispecies vaccine. Whether antibodies to PNAG can protect against pathogens confined to the gastrointestinal tract is not known. As Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) bacteria are serious causes of infection whose virulence is dependent on elaboration of Stx, we prepared a vaccine containing a synthetic nonamer of PNAG (9GlcNH2) conjugated to Shiga toxin 1b subunit (9GlcNH2-Stx1b) to evaluate bacterial killing, toxin neutralization, and protective efficacy in infant mice. All nine (100%) clinical strains of STEC from different serogroups expressed PNAG. Vaccine-induced antibody mediated in vitro killing of STEC and neutralization of both Stx1 and Stx2. Passive administration of antibody to the conjugate showed protection requiring immunity to both PNAG and Stx for O157 strains, although for an O104 strain, antibody to PNAG alone was protective. Immunity to PNAG may contribute to protection against STEC infections.

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Pathogenicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2e Escherichia coli in Pig Colibacillosis.

Publications

Pathogenicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2e <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Pig Colibacillosis.

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