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Alterations in Cardiac Function Following Endurance Exercise Are Not Duration Dependent.

ABSTRACT: Cardiac function has been shown to transiently decrease following prolonged exercise, with greater durations related to increased impairment. However, the prospective assessment of exercise duration on cardiac performance is rare, and the influence of relative exercise intensity is typically not assessed in relation to these changes. The aim of this study was to determine whether progressively longer running distances over the same course would elicit greater cardiac impairment. The present investigation examined cardiac alterations in 49 athletes, following trail-running races of 25, 50, 80, and 160 km, performed on the same course on the same day. Echocardiography, including conventional and speckle tracking imaging, was performed with legs-raised to 60° to mitigate alterations in preload both pre- and post-race. Race-intensities were monitored via heart rate (HR). Following the races, mean arterial pressure (?-11 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.0001), and HR (?19 ± 14 bpm, P < 0.0001) were altered independent of race distance. Both left and right ventricular (LV and RV) diastolic function were reduced (?LV E/A -0.54 ± 0.49, P < 0.0001; ?RV A' + 0.02 ± 0.04 m/s, P = 0.01) and RV systolic function decreased (?TAPSE -0.25 ± 0.9 cm, P = 0.01), independent of race distance. Cardiac impairment was not apparent using speckle tracking analysis with cubic spline interpolation. While race duration was unrelated to cardiac alterations, increased racing HR was related to greater RV base dilation (r = -0.37, P = 0.03). Increased time spent at higher exercise intensities was related to reduced LV ejection fraction following 25 km (r = -0.81, P = 0.03), LV systolic strain rate following 50 km (r = 0.59, P = 0.04), and TAPSE (r = -0.81, P = 0.03) following 80 km races. Increased running duration did not affect the extent of exercise-induced cardiac fatigue, however, intensity may be a greater driver of cardiac alterations.

SUBMITTER: Coates AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7531437 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alterations in Cardiac Function Following Endurance Exercise Are Not Duration Dependent.

Coates Alexandra M AM King Trevor J TJ Currie Katharine D KD Tremblay Joshua C JC Petrick Heather L HL Slysz Joshua T JT Pignanelli Christopher C Berard Jordan A JA Millar Philip J PJ Burr Jamie F JF

Frontiers in physiology 20200918

Cardiac function has been shown to transiently decrease following prolonged exercise, with greater durations related to increased impairment. However, the prospective assessment of exercise duration on cardiac performance is rare, and the influence of relative exercise intensity is typically not assessed in relation to these changes. The aim of this study was to determine whether progressively longer running distances over the same course would elicit greater cardiac impairment. The present inve ...[more]

PMID: 33071833

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Project description:Key pointsThe beneficial effects of sustained or lifelong (>25 years) endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function have been largely established in men. The current findings indicate that committed (≥4 weekly exercise sessions) lifelong exercise results in substantial benefits in exercise capacity ( V̇O2max ), cardiovascular function at submaximal and maximal exercise, left ventricular mass and compliance, and blood volume compared to similarly aged or even younger (middle-age) untrained women. Endurance exercise training should be considered a key strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease with ageing in women as well as men.AbstractThis study was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of exercise performance and left ventricular (LV) morphology in 70 women to examine whether women who have performed regular, lifelong endurance exercise acquire the same beneficial adaptations in cardiovascular structure and function and exercise performance that have been reported previously in men. Three groups of women were examined: (1) 35 older (>60 years) untrained women (older untrained, OU), (2) 13 older women who had consistently performed four or more endurance exercise sessions weekly for at least 25 years (older trained, OT), and (3) 22 middle-aged (range 35-59 years) untrained women (middle-aged untrained, MU) as a reference control for the appropriate age-related changes. Oxygen uptake ( V̇O2 ) and cardiovascular function (cardiac output ( Q̇ ); stroke volume (SV) acetylene rebreathing) were examined at rest, steady-state submaximal exercise and maximal exercise (maximal oxygen uptake, V̇O2max ). Blood volume (CO rebreathing) and LV mass (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), plus invasive measures of static and dynamic chamber compliance were also examined. V̇O2max (p < 0.001) and maximal exercise Q̇ and SV were larger in older trained women compared to the two untrained groups (∼17% and ∼27% for Q̇ and SV, respectively, versus MU; ∼40% and ∼38% versus OU, all p < 0.001). Blood volume (mL kg-1 ) and LV mass index (g m-2 ) were larger in OT versus OU (∼11% and ∼16%, respectively, both P ≤ 0.015) Static LV chamber compliance was greater in OT compared to both untrained groups (median (25-75%): MU: 0.065 (0.049-0.080); OU: 0.085 (0.061-0.138); OT: 0.047 (0.031-0.054), P ≤ 0.053). Collectively, these findings indicate that lifetime endurance exercise appears to be extremely effective at preserving or even enhancing cardiovascular structure and function with advanced age in women.

Project description:Although cardiac recovery is an important criterion for ranking horses in endurance competitions, heart rate variability (HRV) has hardly ever been studied in the context of this equestrian discipline. In the present study, we sought to determine whether HRV is affected by parameters such as age, exercise duration and test site. Accordingly, HRV might be used to select endurance horses with the fastest cardiac recovery. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effects of age, exercise duration, and test site on HRV variables at rest and during exercise and recovery in young Arabian endurance horses. Over a 3-year period, 77 young Arabian horses aged 4-6 years performed one or more exercise tests (consisting of a warm-up, cantering at 22 km.h(-1)and a final 500 m gallop at full speed) at four different sites. Beat-to-beat RR intervals were continuously recorded and then analyzed (using a time-frequency approach) to determine the instantaneous HRV components before, during and after the test. At rest, the root-mean-square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD) was higher in the 4-year-olds (54.4 ± 14.5 ms) than in the 5-or 6-year-olds (44.9 ± 15.5 and 49.1 ± 11.7 ms, respectively). During the first 15 min of exercise (period T), the heart rate (HR) and RMSSD decreased with age. In 6-year-olds, RMSSD decreased as the exercise duration increased (T: 3.0 ± 1.4 vs. 2T: 3.6 ± 2.2 vs. 3T: 2.8 ± 1.0). During recovery, RMSSD was negatively correlated with the cardiac recovery time (CRT) and the recovery heart rate (RHR; R = -0.56 and -0.53, respectively; p < 0.05). At rest and during exercise and recovery, RMSSD and several HRV variables differed significantly as a function of the test conditions. HRV in endurance horses appears to be strongly influenced by age and environmental factors (such as ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and track quality). Nevertheless, RMSSD can be used to select endurance horses with the fastest cardiac recovery.

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Alterations in Cardiac Function Following Endurance Exercise Are Not Duration Dependent.

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Alterations in Cardiac Function Following Endurance Exercise Are Not Duration Dependent.

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