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Healthcare facility-onset, healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides difficile infection in Veterans with spinal cord injury and disorder.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the burden and risk of healthcare facility-onset, healthcare facility-associated (HO-HCFA) Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Veterans with spinal cord injury and disorder (SCI/D). Design: Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study from October 1, 2001-September 30, 2010. Setting: Ninety-four acute care Veterans Affairs facilities. Participants: Patients with SCI/D. Outcomes: Incidence rate of HO-HCFA CDI. Methods: Rates of CDI were determined, and crude unadjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Multivariable Poisson random-effects regression analyses were used to assess factors independently associated with the rate of CDI. Results: 1,409 cases of HO-HCFA CDI were identified. CDI rates in 2002 were 13.9/10,000 person-days and decreased to 5.5/10,000 person-days by 2010. Multivariable regression analyses found that antibiotic (IRR = 18.79, 95% CI 14.09-25.07) and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) or H2 blocker use (IRR = 7.71, 95% CI 5.47-10.86) were both independently associated with HO-HCFA CDI. Exposure to both medications demonstrated a synergistic risk (IRR = 37.55, 95% CI 28.39-49.67). Older age, Northeast region, and invasive respiratory procedure in the prior 30 days were also independent risk factors, while longer SCI duration and care at a SCI center were protective. Conclusion: Although decreasing, CDI rates in patients with SCI/D remain high. Targeted antimicrobial stewardship and pharmacy interventions that reduce antibiotic and PPI/H2 blocker use could have profound benefits in decreasing HO-HCFA CDI in this high-risk population.

SUBMITTER: Evans CT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7534364 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundHealthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and is associated with morbidity and mortality. The use of antibiotics is an important risk factor for healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection. We evaluated the correlation between the incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection and antibiotic consumption, according to antibiotic class.MethodsPatients with healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection from January 2017 to December 2018 at Konkuk University Medical Center (a tertiary medical center) were included. We evaluated changes in the incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection and antibiotic consumption. The correlation between the incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection and antibiotic consumption was evaluated two ways: without a time interval and with 1-month interval matching.ResultsA total of 446 episodes of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection occurred during the study period. The incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection was 9.3 episodes per 10,000 patient-days, and increased significantly. We observed an increase in the consumption of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, and a decrease in the consumption of other classes of antibiotics, with a significant decrease in the consumption of fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and clindamycin (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively). The consumption of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors was independently correlated with the incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection in the analysis without a time interval. When the analysis was conducted with 1-month interval matching, glycopeptide consumption was independently associated with the incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection.ConclusionsDespite the reduction in fluoroquinolone and clindamycin consumption, the incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection increased during the study period, and was correlated with increased consumption of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors. Reduced consumption of specific antibiotics may be insufficient to reduce the incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection.

Project description:Background:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. In China, however, hospital staff do not routinely test for CDI, leading to under-diagnosis and poor patient outcomes. Locally generated CDI data can help assess the magnitude of the problem and strengthen approaches for CDI prevention and control. Methods: We prospectively monitored hospital-onset hospital-associated (HOHA) CDI in four intensive care units (ICUs) from June 2013 to September 2014 in a large teaching hospital in China. We collected clinical information from all ICU patients with ? 3 episodes of diarrhea occurring within a 24-h period at least 48 h following admission (suspect case definition). Stool specimens were collected from all suspect cases of CDI and cultured for C. difficile. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect toxin genes from positive isolates; multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was used for typing and identifying novel strains. We estimated the incidence rate as the number of HOHA CDI cases per 10,000 patient days; 95% confidence intervals were generated to assess rate differences between the four ICUs. Results: A total of 593 hospital-onset diarrhea patients met the suspect case definition during the study period. Of these, 47 patients (8%) were positive for C. difficile and toxin genes. The HOHA-CDI incidence rate was 14.1 cases per 10,000 patient days (95% CI: 10.5-18.6). Six patients with HOHA CDI died. ST54 (n = 14, 20%) was the most common type of HOHA-CDI strain circulating in the hospital during the study period and was linked to a temporal cluster (outbreak) involving two (NICU and GICU) of the four ICUs. Conclusion: HOHA-CDI occurs among ICU patients at this teaching hospital, supporting the importance of routine testing for CDI. Information on strain distribution can help detect CDI outbreaks. Detection of ST54 strain in a temporal cluster suggests possible gaps in infection control practices that should be investigated and addressed as needed.

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Healthcare facility-onset, healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides difficile infection in Veterans with spinal cord injury and disorder.

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