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Childhood obesity: rapid weight gain in early childhood and subsequent cardiometabolic risk.

ABSTRACT: Dynamic changes in body weight have long been recognized as important indicators of risk for human health. Many population-based observational studies have shown that rapid weight gain during infancy, including a catch-up growth phenomenon or adiposity rebound in early childhood, predisposes a person to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases later in life. However, a consensus has not been established regarding which period of weight gain contributes to future risks. This review evaluates recent evidence on the relationship between early rapid growth and future obesity and cardiometabolic risk, with a focus on the differential significance of rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood. Although there is a need for attention to childhood growth during early infancy before 1 yr of age as it may be related to future obesity, emerging evidence strongly suggests that toddlers showing an increase in body mass index (BMI) before 3 yr of age, a period normally characterized by decreased BMI, are prone to developing later cardiometabolic risk.

SUBMITTER: Arisaka O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7534524 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Childhood obesity: rapid weight gain in early childhood and subsequent cardiometabolic risk.

Arisaka Osamu O Ichikawa Go G Koyama Satomi S Sairenchi Toshimi T

Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology 20201003 4

Dynamic changes in body weight have long been recognized as important indicators of risk for human health. Many population-based observational studies have shown that rapid weight gain during infancy, including a catch-up growth phenomenon or adiposity rebound in early childhood, predisposes a person to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases later in life. However, a consensus has not been established regarding which period of weight gain contributes to future r ...[more]

PMID: 33088012

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Project description:BackgroundHigh early postnatal weight gain has been associated with childhood adiposity; however, the mechanism remains unknown. DNA methylation is a hypothesised mechanism linking early life exposures and subsequent disease. However, epigenetic changes associated with high early weight gain have not previously been investigated. Our aim was to investigate the associations between early weight gain, peripheral blood DNA methylation, and subsequent overweight/obese. Data from the UK Avon Longitudinal study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort were used to estimate associations between early postnatal weight gain and epigenome-wide DNA CpG site methylation (Illumina 450 K Methylation Beadchip) in blood in childhood (n?=?125) and late adolescence (n?=?96). High weight gain in the first year (a change in weight z-scores?>?0.67), both unconditional (rapid weight gain) and conditional on birthweight (rapid thrive), was related to individual CpG site methylation and across regions using the meffil pipeline, with and without adjustment for cell type proportions, and with 5% false discovery rate correction. Variation in methylation at high weight gain-associated CpG sites was then examined with regard to body composition measures in childhood and adolescence. Replication of the differentially methylated CpG sites was sought using whole-blood DNA samples from 104 children from the UK Southampton Women's Survey.ResultsRapid infant weight gain was associated with small (+?1% change) increases in childhood methylation (age 7) for two distinct CpG sites (cg01379158 (NT5M) and cg11531579 (CHFR)). Childhood methylation at one of these CpGs (cg11531579) was also higher in those who experienced rapid weight gain and were subsequently overweight/obese in adolescence (age 17). Rapid weight gain was not associated with differential DNA methylation in adolescence. Childhood methylation at the cg11531579 site was also suggestively associated with rapid weight gain in the replication cohort.ConclusionsThis study identified associations between rapid weight gain in infancy and small increases in childhood methylation at two CpG sites, one of which was replicated and was also associated with subsequent overweight/obese. It will be important to determine whether loci are markers of early rapid weight gain across different, larger populations. The mechanistic relevance of these differentially methylated sites requires further investigation.

Dataset Information

Childhood obesity: rapid weight gain in early childhood and subsequent cardiometabolic risk.

Publications

Childhood obesity: rapid weight gain in early childhood and subsequent cardiometabolic risk.

Similar Datasets

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