Dataset Information

MLH1 focus mapping in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) give insights into the crossover landscapes in birds.

ABSTRACT: Crossover rates and localization are not homogeneous throughout the genomes. Along the chromosomes of almost all species, domains with high crossover rates alternate with domains where crossover rates are significantly lower than the genome-wide average. The distribution of crossovers along chromosomes constitutes the recombination landscape of a given species and can be analyzed at broadscale using immunostaining of the MLH1 protein, a component of mature recombination nodules found on synaptonemal complexes during pachytene. We scored the MLH1 foci in oocytes of the chicken and the guinea fowl and compared their frequencies in the largest bivalents. The average autosomal number of foci is 62 in the chicken and 44 in the guinea fowl. The lower number in the guinea fowl responds to the occurrence of fewer crossovers in the six largest bivalents, where most MLH1 foci occur within one-fifth of the chromosome length with high polarization towards opposite ends. The skewed distribution of foci in the guinea fowl contrast with the more uniform distribution of numerous foci in the chicken, especially in the four largest bivalents. The crossover distribution observed in the guinea fowl is unusual among Galloanserae and also differs from other, more distantly related birds. We discussed the current evidence showing that the shift towards crossover localization, as observed in the guinea fowl, was not a unique event but also occurred at different moments of bird evolution. A comparative analysis of genome-wide average recombination rates in birds shows variations within narrower limits compared to mammals and the absence of a phylogenetic trend.

SUBMITTER: Del Priore L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7535058 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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MLH1 focus mapping in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) give insights into the crossover landscapes in birds.

Del Priore Lucía L Pigozzi María Inés MI

PloS one 20201005 10

Crossover rates and localization are not homogeneous throughout the genomes. Along the chromosomes of almost all species, domains with high crossover rates alternate with domains where crossover rates are significantly lower than the genome-wide average. The distribution of crossovers along chromosomes constitutes the recombination landscape of a given species and can be analyzed at broadscale using immunostaining of the MLH1 protein, a component of mature recombination nodules found on synapton ...[more]

PMID: 33017431

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Project description:To understand the effectiveness of a probiotic mixture on intestinal morphology, mucus layer composition, and cecal microbiota diversity, 40 10-day-old Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) were assigned to two groups: the control group (C), receiving drinking water, and the treated group (P), receiving water plus a commercial multi-strain probiotic (Slab51®, 2 × 1011 CFU/L). Birds were slaughtered after 4 months, and the intestines were collected. Samples from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum were processed for morphological and morphometric studies, and conventional glycohistochemistry. Cecal samples were also used to assess the microbiota by 16S metataxonomic approach. Group P showed significant increase in the villus height (p < 0.001 in the duodenum and p < 0.05 in the ileum and cecum), villus width (p < 0.05 in all investigated tracts), depth of crypts (p < 0.001 in the duodenum and cecum; p < 0.05 in the ileum), and goblet cells per villus (p < 0.001 in all investigated tracts) compared with group C. Cecal microbiota of the birds varied considerably and comparing the relative abundance of the main observational taxonomic units (OTUs), a positive enrichment of several beneficial taxa, such as Oscillospira, Eubacterium, Prevotella, and members of the Ruminococcaceae, was observed. The enrichment of those taxa can improve microbiota stability and resilience facing environmental stresses, enhancing its resistance against invading pathogens. Ruminococcaceae, which represent the most important taxon in both groups, and Prevotella have a key role in the gut physiology due to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are a vital energy source for enterocytes, improve glucose metabolism, and exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect. Probiotic administration enriches the presence of Coprococcus, Oscillospira, and Eubacterium taxa that produce butyrate, which exerts a beneficial effect on growth performance, structure of villi, and pathogen control and has anti-inflammatory properties too. This study indicates that Slab51® supplementation positively affects the morphology and microbiota diversity of the guinea fowl intestine.

Dataset Information

MLH1 focus mapping in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) give insights into the crossover landscapes in birds.

Publications

MLH1 focus mapping in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) give insights into the crossover landscapes in birds.

Similar Datasets

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