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The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing countries.

ABSTRACT: The current coronavirus pandemic is an unprecedented public health challenge that is having a devastating economic impact on households. Using a sample of 230,540 respondents to an online survey from 17 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, the study shows that the economic impacts are large and unequal: 45 percent of respondents report that a household member has lost their job and, among households owning small businesses, 59 percent of respondents report that a household member has closed their business. Among households with the lowest income prior to the pandemic, 71 percent report that a household member lost their job and 61 percent report that a household member has closed their business. Declines in food security and health are among the disproportionate impacts. The findings provide evidence that the current public health crisis will exacerbate economic inequality and provides some of the first estimates of the impact of the pandemic on the labor market and well-being in developing countries.

SUBMITTER: Bottan N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7540865 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing countries.

Bottan Nicolas N Hoffmann Bridget B Vera-Cossio Diego D

PloS one 20201007 10

The current coronavirus pandemic is an unprecedented public health challenge that is having a devastating economic impact on households. Using a sample of 230,540 respondents to an online survey from 17 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, the study shows that the economic impacts are large and unequal: 45 percent of respondents report that a household member has lost their job and, among households owning small businesses, 59 percent of respondents report that a household member has cl ...[more]

PMID: 33027272

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Project description:BackgroundAn increase in awareness of plant-based diets has brought forth numerous studies on bone mineral density (BMD). The present systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to compare the effect between plant-based diets and omnivores on female BMD.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and up to July 1, 2020. Mean difference (MD) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated to compare the outcomes of the groups. We compared BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and whole body respectively between plant-based diets and omnivores. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses according to different clinical characteristics for further exploration. Two reviewers assessed trial quality and extracted data independently. All statistical analyses were performed using standard statistical procedures provided in Review Manager 5.2.ResultsA total of 17 cross-sectional studies including 13,888 patients were identified for the present meta-analysis. Our pooled result indicated that population with plant-based diets had lower BMD than omnivores at the lumbar spine (MD -0.03; 95% CI -0.04 to -0.02; P < .0001), femoral neck (MD -0.04; 95% CI -0.05 to -0.03; P < .00001) and whole body (MD -0.04; 95% CI -0.06 to -0.01; P = .01), respectively. Further exploration indicated that especially females with plant-based diets experienced significantly lower BMD at lumbar spine (MD -0.03; 95% CI -0.04 to -0.02; 3173 pts), femoral neck (MD -0.04; 95% CI -0.05 to -0.03; 10,656 pts) and whole body (MD -0.05; 95% CI -0.10 to -0.00; P = .04). In addition, we performed subgroup analyses and found lower BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck in both vegetarians and vegans.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis indicated that plant-based diets may be correlated with lower BMD of women when compared with omnivore population. However, this does not diminish the fact that a plant-based diet can be a harmful option to the overall bone health of population and more prospective researches are needed to clear the impact of plant-based diets on bone health.

Dataset Information

The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing countries.

Publications

The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing countries.

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