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Ablation of atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant- tachycardia in a patient with left-sided superior vena cava and dilated coronary sinus.

ABSTRACT: Atrioventricular (AV)-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia is a rare association in a patient with persistent left-sided superior vena cava and dilated coronary sinus. There are a few inherent difficulties in ablation in this condition, viz., difficulty in localization of good site for ablation and difficulty in stabilization of the ablation catheter at the designated site, making it difficult to produce transmural lesions and increasing risk of producing AV block. We hereby present a case highlighting the difficulties and possible solutions for them.

SUBMITTER: Deshpande SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7542059 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul-Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ablation of atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant- tachycardia in a patient with left-sided superior vena cava and dilated coronary sinus.

Deshpande S A SA Udyavar A R AR

Journal of postgraduate medicine 20200701 3

Atrioventricular (AV)-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia is a rare association in a patient with persistent left-sided superior vena cava and dilated coronary sinus. There are a few inherent difficulties in ablation in this condition, viz., difficulty in localization of good site for ablation and difficulty in stabilization of the ablation catheter at the designated site, making it difficult to produce transmural lesions and increasing risk of producing AV block. We hereby present a case highlighting t ...[more]

PMID: 32567577

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Radiofrequency catheter ablation in a patient with dextrocardia, persistent left superior vena cava, and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: A case report.

Project description:RationaleDextrocardia is a rare congenital heart disease, while the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is an uncommon congenital vascular malformation. It is extremely rare for a person to have dextrocardia and PLSVC. A case with a combination of dextrocardia, PLSVC, and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia has not been reported.Patient concernsA 51-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with palpitations. The physical examination revealed a heart rate of patient increased significantly, and that apex beating was found in the right fifth intercostal space approximately 0.5 cm from the midclavicular line.DiagnosisWe used different techniques, including electrocardiography, esophagus heart electrophysiology, chest radiograph, and cardiac color Doppler echocardiography to reveal the presence of the combination of dextrocardia, PLSVC, and supraventricular tachycardia.InterventionsWe terminated tachycardia by esophageal pacing and cured patients with radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).OutcomesThe complex structural anomalies presented great technical challenges for interventional treatments. After consulting the literature, thorough examination and understanding of the structural anatomy and anomalies of the vena cava and cardiac chambers, we successfully treated this patient by RFCA. After half a year of follow-up, the patient did not have palpitations, and no arrhythmia was seen on the electrocardiography.LessonsPhysicians need to be aware that the key to the success of RFCA, in this case, is to clarify the complexity of the morphological and anatomical structures of dextrocardia accompanying PLSVC and to consult and understand the experience of access vessels reported in relevant cases before the operation.

| S-EPMC7478451 | biostudies-literature

Isolated persistent left-sided superior vena cava, giant coronary sinus, atrial tachycardia and heart failure in a child.

Project description:Persistence of a left-sided superior vena cava (PLSVC) with absent right superior vena cava (isolated PLSVC) is a very rare venous malformation and commonly associated with congenital heart disease or alterations of the cardiac situs. We describe an unusual case of a young boy presenting with persistent atrial tachycardia and congestive heart failure. He was detected to have unexplained grossly dilated right atrium, right ventricle with systolic dysfunction and a giant coronary sinus (CS). The dilated CS closely mimicked a pseudo cor-triatriatum on echocardiography. Contrast echocardiography from both arms revealed opacification of the CS before the right atrium. Bilateral upper limb venography confirmed the presence of absent right SVC and isolated persistent left SVC draining into the giant coronary sinus.

| S-EPMC3860611 | biostudies-literature

High-density mapping of the tachycardia circuit in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

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Endovascular retrieval of foreign body in persistent left-sided superior vena cava.

Project description:Endovascular retrieval of a foreign body is becoming an increasingly common procedure in the management of complications resulting from more frequent endovascular procedures. Many procedures are performed on a regular basis in assessment of vascular anatomy, endovascular-guided therapy, and catheter placement. This case report depicts a complication of a chemoport placement resulting in a foreign body. Evaluation of the foreign body raised attention to aberrant anatomy, a persistent left-sided superior vena cava. We further discuss briefly the embryology behind a persistent left-sided superior vena cava, technical errors leading to the foreign body, and assessing the nature of the foreign body through different imaging modalities. This is followed by the subsequent endovascular retrieval by Interventional Radiology and a literature review and individual case assessment of endovascular foreign body retrieval. We discuss considerations for practice based upon our literature review.

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Unroofed coronary sinus and persistent left superior vena cava: A case report.

Project description:The unroofed coronary sinus is a spectrum of cardiac anomalies in which part or all of the common wall between the coronary sinus and the left atrium is absent. Most cases are associated with anomalous systemic venous return, such as persistent left superior vena cava.The diagnosis of this lesion is important to the prognosis of the patient, but it is often difficult because of nonspecific clinical features.Here we report a case of a complete unroofed coronary sinus and persistent left superior vena cava discovered during a computed tomographic investigation for pulmonary hypertension.

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A case of preexcitation syndrome showing atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia with a bystander concealed nodoventricular/nodofascicular pathway.

Project description: Not available

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Antegrade slow pathway mapping of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia based on direct slow pathway capture.

Project description:BackgroundRadiofrequency (RF) ablation of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (tAVNRT) is performed without revealing out the location of antegrade slow pathway (ASp). In this study, we studied a new electrophysiological method of identifying the site of ASp.MethodsThis study included 19 patients. Repeated series of very high-output single extrastimulations (VhoSESts) were delivered at the anatomical slow pathway region during tAVNRT. Tachycardia cycle length (TCL), coupling interval (CI), and return cycle (RC) were measured and the prematurity of VhoSESts [ΔPM (= TCL - CI)] and the prolongation of RCs [ΔPL (= RC - TCL)] were calculated. Pacing sites were classified into two categories: (i) ASp capture sites [DSPC(+) sites], where two different RCs were shown, and ASp non-capture sites [DSPC(-) sites], where only one RC was shown. RF ablation was performed at DSPC(+) sites and/or sites with catheter-induced mechanical trauma (CIMT) to ASp.ResultsDSPC(+) sites were shown in 13 patients (68%). RF ablation was successful in all patients without any degree of atrioventricular block nor recurrence. Total number of RF applications was 1.8 ± 1.1. Minimal distance between successful ablation sites and DSPC(+)/CIMT sites and His bundle (HB) electrogram recording sites was 1.9 ± 0.8 mm and 19.8 ± 6.1 mm, respectively. ΔPL of more than 92.5 ms, ΔPL/TCL of more than 0.286, and ΔPL/ΔPM of more than 1.565 could identify ASp with sensitivity of 100%, 91.1%, and 88.9% and specificity of 92.9%, 97.0%, and 97.6%, respectively.ConclusionsSites with ASp capture and CIMT were close to successful ablation sites and could be useful indicators of tAVNRT ablation.

| S-EPMC7896471 | biostudies-literature

Absent right superior vena cava.

Project description:A patient planned to be performed catheter ablation. However, three-dimensional contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed isolated persistent left superior vena cava. We should know such an anatomical abnormality especially when central venous catheter or peripherally inserted central catheter is inserted from right jugular vein or right subclavian vein.

| S-EPMC8245746 | biostudies-literature

Diagnosis and treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a case report illustrating clinical management and ablation strategy.

Project description:BackgroundAtrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a common supraventricular arrhythmia that is frequently encountered in an otherwise healthy patient population. Recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology underline the role of catheter ablation in the long-term management of these patients.Case summaryThis case describes the clinical presentation and treatment options in a patient with typical slow/fast AVNRT, the most common subform of AVNRT, where antegrade conduction occurs over the slow pathway and retrograde conduction over the fast pathway. The ablation strategy in these patients is illustrated based on intracardiac recordings in combination with per-procedural three-dimensional imaging.DiscussionAtrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia is a common arrhythmia with good prognosis but significant impact on quality of life of affected patients. Catheter ablation should be considered early as it can be performed safely and with a very high success rate.

| S-EPMC7501927 | biostudies-literature

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Pediatric Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Impact of Age on Procedural Methods and Durable Success.

Project description:Background Catheter-based slow-pathway modification (SPM) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). We sought to investigate the interactions between patient age and procedural outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing catheter-based SPM for AVNRT. Methods and Results A retrospective cohort study was performed, including consecutive patients undergoing acutely successful SPM for AVNRT from 2008 to 2017. Those with congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and accessory pathways were excluded. Patients were stratified by age quartile at time of SPM. The primary outcome was AVNRT recurrence. A total of 512 patients underwent successful SPM for AVNRT. Age quartile 1 had 129 patients with a median age and weight of 8.9 years and 30.6 kg, respectively. Radiofrequency energy was used in 98% of cases. Follow-up was available in 447 (87%) patients with a median duration of 0.8 years (interquartile range, 0.2-2.5 years). AVNRT recurred in 22 patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling identified atypical AVNRT (hazard ratio [HR], 5.83; 95% CI, 2.01-16.96; P=0.001), dual atrioventricular nodal only (HR, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.39-12.02; P=0.011), total radiofrequency lesions (HR, 1.06 per lesion; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P=0.032), and the use of a long sheath (HR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.23-10.03; P=0.010) as predictors of AVNRT recurrence; quartile 1 patients were not at higher risk of recurrence (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.10-1.97; P=0.29). Complete heart block requiring permanent pacing occurred in one quartile 2 patient at 14.9 years of age. Conclusions Pediatric AVNRT can be treated with radiofrequency-SPM with high procedural efficacy and minimal risk of complications, including heart block. Atypical AVNRT and dual atrioventricular nodal physiology without inducible tachycardia remain challenging substrates.

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