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Barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles predicted to generate no ATP.

ABSTRACT: We here report the phylogenetic position of barthelonids, small anaerobic flagellates previously examined using light microscopy alone. Barthelona spp. were isolated from geographically distinct regions and we established five laboratory strains. Transcriptomic data generated from one Barthelona strain (PAP020) were used for large-scale, multi-gene phylogenetic (phylogenomic) analyses. Our analyses robustly placed strain PAP020 at the base of the Fornicata clade, indicating that barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade. Considering the anaerobic/microaerophilic nature of barthelonids and preliminary electron microscopy observations on strain PAP020, we suspected that barthelonids possess functionally and structurally reduced mitochondria (i.e. mitochondrion-related organelles or MROs). The metabolic pathways localized in the MRO of strain PAP020 were predicted based on its transcriptomic data and compared with those in the MROs of fornicates. We here propose that strain PAP020 is incapable of generating ATP in the MRO, as no mitochondrial/MRO enzymes involved in substrate-level phosphorylation were detected. Instead, we detected a putative cytosolic ATP-generating enzyme (acetyl-CoA synthetase), suggesting that strain PAP020 depends on ATP generated in the cytosol. We propose two separate losses of substrate-level phosphorylation from the MRO in the clade containing barthelonids and (other) fornicates.

SUBMITTER: Yazaki E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7542792 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles predicted to generate no ATP.

Yazaki Euki E Kume Keitaro K Shiratori Takashi T Eglit Yana Y Tanifuji Goro G Harada Ryo R Simpson Alastair G B AGB Ishida Ken-Ichiro KI Hashimoto Tetsuo T Inagaki Yuji Y

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20200902 1934

We here report the phylogenetic position of barthelonids, small anaerobic flagellates previously examined using light microscopy alone. <i>Barthelona</i> spp. were isolated from geographically distinct regions and we established five laboratory strains. Transcriptomic data generated from one <i>Barthelona</i> strain (PAP020) were used for large-scale, multi-gene phylogenetic (phylogenomic) analyses. Our analyses robustly placed strain PAP020 at the base of the Fornicata clade, indicating that ba ...[more]

PMID: 32873198

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Project description:Molecular and phylogeographic studies have led to the definition within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) of a number of geotypes and ecotypes showing a preferential geographic location or host preference. The MTBC is thought to have emerged in Africa, most likely the Horn of Africa, and to have spread worldwide with human migrations. Under this assumption, there is a possibility that unknown deep branching lineages are present in this region. We genotyped by spoligotyping and multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) 435 MTBC isolates recovered from patients. Four hundred and eleven isolates were collected in the Republic of Djibouti over a 12 year period, with the other 24 isolates originating from neighbouring countries. All major M. tuberculosis lineages were identified, with only two M. africanum and one M. bovis isolates. Upon comparison with typing data of worldwide origin we observed that several isolates showed clustering characteristics compatible with new deep branching. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of seven isolates and comparison with available WGS data from 38 genomes distributed in the different lineages confirms the identification of ancestral nodes for several clades and most importantly of one new lineage, here referred to as lineage 7. Investigation of specific deletions confirms the novelty of this lineage, and analysis of its precise phylogenetic position indicates that the other three superlineages constituting the MTBC emerged independently but within a relatively short timeframe from the Horn of Africa. The availability of such strains compared to the predominant lineages and sharing very ancient ancestry will open new avenues for identifying some of the genetic factors responsible for the success of the modern lineages. Additional deep branching lineages may be readily and efficiently identified by large-scale MLVA screening of isolates from sub-Saharan African countries followed by WGS analysis of a few selected isolates.

Dataset Information

Barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles predicted to generate no ATP.

Publications

Barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles predicted to generate no ATP.

Similar Datasets

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